Associations between Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Demographic, Nutritional, and Lifestyle Factors
Table 3
Comparing energy and nutrient intake with waist circumference and blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Intake/day
Increased waist circumferencea
Elevated blood pressureb
Yes
No
Yes
No
Energy (kcal)c
1429.0 (1228.6−1429.4)
1621.0 (1188.0−2174.0)
0.104
1371.4 (1179.9–1681.2)
1599.5 (1398.0–1833.5)
0.002
Carbohydrate (g)c
195.8 (185.0–213.6)
197.8 (187.2–215.9)
0.679
196.4 (185.6–210.0)
195.2 (183.6–218.2)
0.516
Protein (g)d
63.0 (11.0)
63.6 (11.2)
0.801
63.2 (11.0)
62.8 (11.1)
0.807
Total fat (g)d
42.9 (8.1)
39.2 (9.0)
0.054
42.5 (8.6)
42.2 (7.5)
0.83
Total fiber (g)c
12.3 (10.1–14.1)
13.5 (11.3–15.5)
0.071
12.3 (10.3–14.6)
12.1 (10.1–14.0)
0.588
Cholesterol (mg)c
194.8 (153.0–239.5)
182.9 (161.5–208.6)
0.765
194.2 (153.8–237.0)
185.5 (154.1–242.7)
0.685
Vitamin A (µg)c
564.5 (370.1–783.6)
493.2 (295.7–673.5)
0.355
564.9 (367.5–787.8)
548.7 (401.3–727.3)
0.719
Vitamin C (mg)c
81.5 (55.0–107.8)
104.3 (57.3–125.9)
0.154
81.7 (55.1–111.0)
86.3 (53.7–108.9)
0.914
Vitamin E (mg)c
11.4 (8.9–14.4)
11.6 (8.6–14.7)
0.788
11.3 (8.9–14.5)
11.7 (8.9–14.1)
0.634
Copper (mg)c
0.84 (0.73–0.95)
0.83 (0.78–0.93)
0.827
0.8 (0.8−0.10)
0.8 (0.7–0.9)
0.286
Magnesium (mg)d
169.6 (28.8)
175.1 (24.8)
0.304
170.1 (27.6)
170.7 (30.5)
0.901
Selenium (µg)d
57.0 (15.5)
52.9 (14.8)
0.187
53.4 (14.8)
53.4 (17.2)
0.982
Zinc (mg)c
6.2 (5.3–7.6)
6.2 (5.8–7.6)
0.534
6.3 (5.3–7.8)
5.9 (5.4–7.2)
0.2
Potassium (mg)c
1683.6 (1411.6–1941.7)
1751.2 (1552.5–2007.2)
0.216
1688.9 (1439.0–1938.5)
1684.9 (1418.8–1970.1)
0.862
Sodium (mg)c
2022.2 (1698.4–2315.4)
2073.4 (1819.4–2351.6)
0.621
2002.7 (1718.1–2308.7)
2113.7 (1833.5–2462.6)
0.118
aReference values: >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women (NCEP, 2002); bReference values: systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg (NCEP, 2002); cData presented as median (Q1 = quartile 1 or percentile 25; Q3 = quartile 3 or percentile 75); dData presented as mean (standard deviation); significant values are given in bold (, Wilcoxon test and Student’s t test).
