Betsy Foxman

Betsy Foxman is a Professor of epidemiology and the Director of the Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases (MAC-EPID) at the University of Michigan. Dr. Foxman is a Molecular Epidemiologist; her work focuses on the epidemiology of acute, chronically recurring bacterial infections, particularly urinary tract infections, otitis media, and lactation mastitis. She and her collaborators work on describing the transmission system, characterizing antibiotic resistance, and identifying the genetic variability of uropathogenic Echerichia coli, Group B Streptococcus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus mutans. Dr. Foxman is past president of the American College of Epidemiology, past chair of the American Public Health Association Epidemiology Section, and first past chair and founder of the Michigan Public Health Association Epidemiology Section.

Biography Updated on 8 May 2007

Personal Home Page

http://www.sph.umich.edu/iscr/faculty/profile.cfm?uniqname=bfoxman

Articles in Scholarly Journals [Incomplete List]

  1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS16 and PE_PGRS26 genetic polymorphism among clinical isolates
    Tuberculosis, 2008
  2. Combining Microarray Technology and Molecular Epidemiology to Identify Genes Associated with Invasive Group B Streptococcus
    Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, vol. 2008, no. 3, Article ID 314762, 10 pages, 2008
  3. DNA Polymorphisms in the pepA and PPE18 Genes among Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
    Infection and Immunity, vol. 75, no. 12, pp. 5798–5805, 2007
  4. Probe Hybridization Array Typing: a Binary Typing Method for Escherichia coli
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 206–214, 2007
  5. Association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS33 polymorphism with clinical and epidemiological characteristics
    Tuberculosis, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 338–346, 2007
  6. Contributions of Molecular Epidemiology to the Understanding of Infectious Disease Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Evolution
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 148–156, 2007
  7. Risk Factors for Group B Streptococcal Colonization: Potential for Different Transmission Systems by Capsular Type
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 854–862, 2007
  8. Editorial Commentary: Antibiotic Resistance and Pyelonephritis
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 281–283, 2007
  9. What's Driving the Decline in Tuberculosis in Arkansas? A Molecular Epidemiologic Analysis of Tuberculosis Trends in a Rural, Low-Incidence Population, 1997 2003
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 166, no. 6, pp. 662–671, 2007
  10. The role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Europe and Canada
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 666–672, 2006
  11. Incidence and Duration of Group B Streptococcus by Serotype among Male and Female College Students Living in a Single Dormitory
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 163, no. 6, pp. 544–551, 2006
  12. Distribution of novel and previously investigated virulence genes in colonizing and invasive isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae
    Epidemiology and Infection, vol. 135, no. 06, p. 1046, 2006
  13. Looking back at hurricane Katrina: lessons for 2006 and beyond
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 652–653, 2006
  14. Molecular Epidemiologic Identification of Escherichia coli Genes That Are Potentially Involved in Movement of the Organism from the Intestinal Tract to the Vagina and Bladder
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 2434–2441, 2006
  15. Population-Based Study of Deletions in Five Different Genomic Regions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Possible Clinical Relevance of the Deletions
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 3940–3946, 2006
  16. Association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing/W Lineage Strain Infection and Extrathoracic Tuberculosis: Insights from Epidemiologic and Clinical Characterization of the Three Principal Genetic Groups of M. tuberculosis Clinical Isolates
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 409–414, 2006
  17. Predictors for Haemophilus influenzae Colonization, Antibiotic Resistance and for Sharing an Identical Isolate Among Children Attending 16 Licensed Day-Care Centers in Michigan
    The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 219–223, 2006
  18. Predictors for Haemophilus influenzae Colonization, Antibiotic Resistance and for Sharing an Identical Isolate Among Children Attending 16 Licensed Day-Care Centers in Michigan
    The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. e1–e4, 2006
  19. Common Use in the General Population of Sexual Enrichment Aids and Drugs to Enhance Sexual Experience
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 156–162, 2006
  20. Measures of Sexual Partnerships: Lengths, Gaps, Overlaps, and Sexually Transmitted Infection
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. PAP, 2006
  21. BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 116, 2006
  22. BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 57, 2006
  23. International Breastfeeding Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 4, 2006
  24. Ethical Conflicts in Public Health Research and Practice: Antimicrobial Resistance and the Ethics of Drug Development
    American Journal of Public Health, vol. 96, no. 11, pp. 1910–1914, 2006
  25. Acute Pyelonephritis Among Adults
    PharmacoEconomics, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1123–1142, 2005
  26. Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 10, 2005
  27. Clinical Relevance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis plcD Gene Mutations
    American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 171, no. 12, pp. 1436–1442, 2005
  28. Breast Pump Adverse Events: Reports to the Food and Drug Administration
    Journal of Human Lactation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 169–174, 2005
  29. Variation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS33 Gene among Clinical Isolates
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 4954–4960, 2005
  30. Distribution of Insertion- and Deletion-Associated Genetic Polymorphisms among Four Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phospholipase C Genes and Associations with Extrathoracic Tuberculosis: a Population-Based Study
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 6048–6053, 2005
  31. DNA Polymorphism and Molecular Subtyping of the Capsular Gene Cluster of Group B Streptococcus
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 6113–6116, 2005
  32. Temporal Trends in Sexual Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Disease History Among 18- to 39-Year-Old Seattle, Washington, Residents: Results of Random Digit-Dial Surveys
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 710–717, 2005
  33. Simultaneous detection of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol resistance of by a single multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay
    Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 201–208, 2005
  34. mediated urinary tract infections: Are there distinct uropathogenic (UPEC) pathotypes?
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 252, no. 2, pp. 183–190, 2005
  35. Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 192, no. 3, pp. 981–982, 2005
  36. Challenges of epidemiology in the 21st century: comments from the leaders of several epidemiology associations
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–4, 2005
  37. Clonal Groups and the Spread of Resistance to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 1101–1107, 2005
  38. Escherichia coli Clonal Group A
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 568–568, 2005
  39. Influence of Study Population on the Identification of Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Diseases using a Case-Control Design: The Example of Gonorrhea
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 160, no. 4, pp. 393–402, 2004
  40. The Epidemiology of Acute Pyelonephritis in South Korea, 1997-1999
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 160, no. 10, pp. 985–993, 2004
  41. Identification of Risk Factors for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 199–205, 2004
  42. Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis in an Era of Increasing Antibiotic Resistance: A Proposed Approach to Empirical Therapy
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 75–80, 2004
  43. Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus Colonization and Potential for Transmission by Casual Contact in Healthy Young Men and Women
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 380–388, 2004
  44. Risk Factors for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 599–600, 2004
  45. Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in women receiving maintenance antifungal therapy: Results of a prospective cohort study?
    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 190, no. 3, pp. 644–653, 2004
  46. PicU, a second serine protease autotransporter of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 73–83, 2004
  47. Consistency of Self-Reported Sexual Behavior and Condom Use Among Current Sex Partners
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 278–282, 2004
  48. Diversity and sharing of Haemophilus influenzae strains colonizing healthy children attending day-care centers
    The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 41–46, 2004
  49. Haemophilus influenzae: Genetic Variability and Natural Selection To Identify Virulence Factors
    Infection and Immunity, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 2457–2461, 2004
  50. BMC Microbiology, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 1, 2004
  51. BMC Microbiology, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 12, 2004
  52. Comparison of DNA Dot Blot Hybridization and Lancefield Capillary Precipitin Methods for Group B Streptococcal Capsular Typing
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 146–150, 2004
  53. Identification of a Gene Encoding Heat-Resistant Agglutinin in Escherichia coli as a Putative Virulence Factor in Urinary Tract Infection
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 285–289, 2003
  54. Evaluation of Genotyping Large Numbers of Escherichia coli Isolates by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 5224–5226, 2003
  55. Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli mediated urinary tract infections
    Frontiers in Bioscience, vol. 8, no. 1-3, p. e235, 2003
  56. Spatial Mixing and Bridging
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 750–751, 2003
  57. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections1Transmission and risk factors, incidence, and costs
    Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 227–241, 2003
  58. Acute Pyelonephritis in US Hospitals in 1997 Hospitalization and In-hospital Mortality
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 144–150, 2003
  59. Duration of Breastfeeding, Daycare, and Physician Visits among Infants 6 Months and Younger
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 431–435, 2003
  60. Antibiotic prescribing for cystitis: how well does it match published guidelines?
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 479–483, 2003
  61. Pyelonephritis in Korea; morbidity, mortality and economic costs
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 579, 2003
  62. Long term Escherichia Coli asymptomatic bacteriuria in 50 diabetic women
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 582–583, 2003
  63. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: Incidence, morbidity, and economic costs
    Disease-a-Month, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 53–70, 2003
  64. Correlates of antibiotic-resistant group B streptococcus isolated from pregnant women
    Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 74–79, 2003
  65. Lactation Mastitis
    JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 289, no. 13, pp. 1609–1612, 2003
  66. Antibiotic prescribing for otitis media: how well does it match published guidelines?
    Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 213–219, 2003
  67. Sexual Behavior of Older Women
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 216–220, 2003
  68. Pyelonephritis at an Urban Medical Center: Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Process of Care
    Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, pp. 534–539, 2002
  69. Determinants of Co-Colonization with Group B Streptococcus Among Heterosexual College Couples
    Epidemiology, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 533–539, 2002
  70. Lactation Mastitis: Occurrence and Medical Management among 946 Breastfeeding Women in the United States
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 155, no. 2, pp. 103–114, 2002
  71. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Are More Likely than Commensal E. coli to Be Shared between Heterosexual Sex Partners
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 156, no. 12, pp. 1133–1140, 2002
  72. Hormone replacement therapy did not reduce the risk of urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women
    Evidence-based Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 142–143, 2002
  73. Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Male and Nonpregnant Female University Students: A Cross-Sectional Prevalence Study
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 184–190, 2002
  74. Prevalence and Predictors of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates in Michigan
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1061–1066, 2002
  75. Molecular Epidemiology of 3 Putative Virulence Genes for [ITAL]Escherichia coli[/ITAL] Urinary Tract Infection—[ITAL]usp, iha,[/ITAL] and [ITAL]iroN[/ITAL][TINF][ITAL]E. coli[/ITAL][/TINF]
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 185, no. 10, pp. 1521–1524, 2002
  76. Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis An Exploratory Case-Control Study
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 346–352, 2002
  77. Cranberry Juice and Adhesion of Antibiotic-Resistant Uropathogens
    JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 287, no. 23, pp. 3082–3083, 2002
  78. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs
    The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 5–13, 2002
  79. Sex Partner Concurrency
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 133–143, 2002
  80. Identification of the Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis Gene lic2B as a Putative Virulence Factor in Strains of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae That Cause Otitis Media
    Infection and Immunity, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 3551–3556, 2002
  81. Both Urinary and Rectal Escherichia coli Isolates Are Dominated by Strains of Phylogenetic Group B2
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 3951–3955, 2002
  82. Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Typing, and Automated Ribotyping To Assess Genomic Variability among Strains of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 660–662, 2002
  83. BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 1, 2002
  84. Prevalence of Known P-Fimbrial G Alleles in Escherichia coli and Identification of a New Adhesin Class
    Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 637–640, 2001
  85. Optimization of a fluorescent-based phosphor imaging dot blot DNA hybridization assay to assess E. coli virulence gene profiles
    Journal of Microbiological Methods, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 225–233, 2001
  86. Urinary tract infection among women aged 40 to 65 Behavioral and sexual risk factors
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 710–718, 2001
  87. Urinary tract infection in pregnancy was associated with mental retardation or developmental delay in infants
    Evidence-based Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 82–83, 2001
  88. Urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: effect of hormone therapy and risk factors
    Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 1045–1052, 2001
  89. Widespread Distribution of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clonal Group
    New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 345, no. 14, pp. 1007–1013, 2001
  90. Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance among Group B Streptococcus Isolated from Healthy College Students
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. e137–e139, 2001
  91. Molecular Epidemiology: Focus on Infection
    American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 153, no. 12, pp. 1135–1141, 2001
  92. Candida vaginitis
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 230–235, 2000
  93. Urinary Tract Infection Self-Reported Incidence and Associated Costs
    Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 509–515, 2000
  94. An estradiol-releasing vaginal ring delayed the recurrence of urinary tract infection in post-menopausal women
    Evidence-based Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 19, 2000
  95. Oral Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with established periodontitis
    Clinical Oral Investigations, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 226–232, 2000
  96. Pathogenesis of urinary tract infection: The role of sexual behavior and sexual transmission
    Current Infectious Disease Reports, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 513–517, 2000
  97. Integrated Genomic Map from Uropathogenic Escherichia coli J96
    Infection and Immunity, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 5933–5942, 2000
  98. Molecular Epidemiologic Approaches to Urinary Tract Infection Gene Discovery in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    Infection and Immunity, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 2009–2015, 2000
  99. Respiratory Symptoms in Mothers of Young Children
    PEDIATRICS, vol. 106, no. 5, pp. 1013–1016, 2000
  100. Sensitivity and Specificity of Asthma Definitions and Symptoms Used in a Survey of Childhood Asthma
    Journal of Asthma, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 565–573, 1999
  101. Urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women
    Current Infectious Disease Reports, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 367–370, 1999
  102. Interrelationships Among Douching Practices, Risky Sexual Practices, and History of Self-Reported Sexually Transmitted Diseases in an Urban Population
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 90–99, 1998
  103. Heterosexual Repertoire Is Associated With Same-Sex Experience
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 232–236, 1998
  104. Condom Use and First-Time Urinary Tract Infection
    Epidemiology, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 637, 1997
  105. Employee drug use, demographic characteristics, work reactions, and absenteeism.
    Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, vol. 1, no. 1, Article ID 1996-04477-008, 7 pages, 1996
  106. The cost-effectiveness of placing urinary tract infection treatment over the counter
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 1315–1321, 1996
  107. Prevalence of possible undiagnosed asthma and associated morbidity among urban schoolchildren
    The Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 735–742, 1996
  108. A comparison of self-reported drug use with a urine drug screen in a working population.
    Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, vol. 3, no. 3, Article ID 1996-92908-001, 6 pages, 1995
  109. Breastfeeding practices and lactation mastitis
    Social Science & Medicine, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 755–761, 1994
  110. Mastitis among lactating women: Occurrence and risk factors
    Social Science & Medicine, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 701–705, 1991
  111. Health behavior and urinary tract infection in college-aged women
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 329–337, 1990
  112. Epidemiologists and public health policy
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1107–1109, 1989