Alex Macario
Stanford University, USA
Alex Macario is a Professor of anesthesiology and, by courtesy, of health research and policy at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He completed his undergraduate, medical school, and business school training at the University of Rochester. He was trained in anesthesiology at Stanford University and was a Chief Resident. He then completed a fellowship in heath services research. Dr. Macario is interested in the economics of health care, in particular the tradeoffs between costs and outcomes for patients having surgery and anesthesia. Dr. Macario has completed internationally recognized studies on the management of the operating room suite, as well as pioneering work on the cost effectiveness of drugs and devices. He is a Director of a fellowship in the management of perioperative services, a postgraduate fellowship program which trains one to two physicians per year in leadership, entrepreneurship, and management science with special attention to the delivery of surgical care. Dr. Macario is also a Program Director for the Stanford Anesthesia Residency which has more than 60 housestaff. Dr. Macario has also authored A Sabbatical in Madrid: A Diary of Spain, an award winning travel memoir.
Biography Updated on 21 May 2007
Articles in Scholarly Journals [Incomplete List]
- Identification of systematic underestimation (bias) of case durations during case scheduling would not markedly reduce overutilized operating room time?
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 198–203, 2007 - Hospitalization Costs of Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Continuous Femoral Nerve Block Provided Only in the Hospital Versus on an Ambulatory Basis: A Retrospective, Case-Control, Cost-Minimization Analysis
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 46–54, 2007 - Initial Clinical Evaluation of a Handheld Device for Detecting Retained Surgical Gauze Sponges Using Radiofrequency Identification Technology
Archives of Surgery, vol. 141, no. 7, pp. 659–662, 2006 - Is There Value in Obtaining a Patient???s Willingness to Pay for a Particular Anesthetic Intervention?
Anesthesiology, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 906–909, 2006 - Are Your Hospital Operating Rooms ???Efficient????
Anesthesiology, vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 237–240, 2006 - Factors affecting supply and demand of anesthesiologists in Western Europe
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 207–212, 2006 - The drive for operating room efficiency will increase quality of patient care
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 171–176, 2006 - Staffing and case scheduling for anesthesia in geographically dispersed locations outside of operating rooms
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 453???458, 2006 - Systematic Literature Review of Spinal Decompression Via Motorized Traction for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain
Pain Practice, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 171–178, 2006 - BMC Anesthesiology, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 6, 2006
- BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 15, 2006
- Scheduling Elective Pediatric Procedures That Require Anesthesia: The Perspective of Parents
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 1426–1431, 2006 - Patient Preferences for Anesthesia Outcomes Associated with Cesarean Delivery
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 1182–1187, 2005 - Quantifying Effect of a Hospital’s Caseload for a Surgical Specialty on That of Another Hospital Using Multi-Attribute Market Segments
Health Care Management Science, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 121–131, 2005 - Cost-Effectiveness of a Trial of Labor After Previous Cesarean Delivery Depends on the A Priori Chance of Success
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 378–385, 2004 - When to Release Allocated Operating Room Time to Increase Operating Room Efficiency
Anesthesia & Analgesia, pp. 758–762, 2004 - Operating Room Utilization Alone Is Not an Accurate Metric for the Allocation of Operating Room Block Time to Individual Surgeons with Low Caseloads
Anesthesiology, vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 1243–1249, 2003 - BMC Health Services Research, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 1, 2003
- Economics of One-Stage Versus Two-Stage Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasties
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol. 414, pp. 149–156, 2003 - How to Release Allocated Operating Room Time to Increase Efficiency: Predicting Which Surgical Service Will Have the Most Underutilized Operating Room Time
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 507–512, 2003 - Physicians' perceptions of minimum time that should be saved to move a surgical case from one operating room to another: internet-based survey of the membership of the association of anesthesia clinical directors (aacd)
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 206–210, 2003 - The pharmacy cost of delivering postoperative analgesia to patients undergoing joint replacement surgery
The Journal of Pain, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 22–28, 2003 - What are the Most Important Risk Factors for a Patient???s Developing Intraoperative Hypothermia?
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 215–220, 2002 - Changing Allocations of Operating Room Time From a System Based on Historical Utilization to One Where the Aim is to Schedule as Many Surgical Cases as Possible
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 1272–1279, 2002 - Development of an Appropriate List of Surgical Procedures of a Specified Maximum Anesthetic Complexity to Be Performed at a New Ambulatory Surgery Facility
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 78–82, 2002 - Technology and Computing in the Surgical Suite: Key Features of an OR Management Information System and Opportunities for the Future
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 1120–1121, 2002 - International Anesthesiology Clinics, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 1–16, 2002
- Economic evaluation of noncontact normothermic wound therapy for treatment of pressure ulcers
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 211–217, 2002 - Economic Considerations Related to Providing Adequate Pain Relief for Women in Labour
PharmacoEconomics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 305–318, 2002 - The Impact on Revenue of Increasing Patient Volume at Surgical Suites with Relatively High Operating Room Utilization
Anesthesia and Analgesia, pp. 1215–1221, 2001 - Hospital Profitability per Hour of Operating Room Time Can Vary Among Surgeons
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 669–675, 2001 - Ketorolac in the Era of Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Selective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Side Effects, and Regulatory Issues
Pain Medicine, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 336–351, 2001 - Can peri-operative quality be maintained in the drive for operating room efficiency? An American perspective
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 607–619, 2001 - The surgical suite meets the new health economy
Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol. 192, no. 6, pp. 768–776, 2001 - Variation in practice patterns of anesthesiologists in California for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 353–360, 2001 - Cost-effectiveness of a trial of labor after previous cesarean
Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 97, no. 6, pp. 932–941, 2001 - Quantitative description of the workload associated with airway management procedures
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 273–282, 2000 - Analgesia for Labor Pain
Anesthesiology, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 841–850, 2000 - Scheduling Surgical Cases into Overflow Block Time??? Computer Simulation of the Effects of Scheduling Strategies on Operating Room Labor Costs
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 980–988, 2000 - A Retrospective Examination of Regional Plus General Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Open Heart Surgery
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1020–1024, 2000 - What Is the Relative Frequency of Uncommon Ambulatory Surgery Procedures Performed in the United States with an Anesthesia Provider?
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 1343–1347, 2000 - Enterprise-Wide Patient Scheduling Information Systems to Coordinate Surgical Clinic and Operating Room Scheduling Can Impair Operating Room Efficiency
Anesthesia & Analgesia, pp. 617–626, 2000 - Statistical Method to Evaluate Management Strategies to Decrease Variability in Operating Room Utilization
Anesthesiology, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 262–274, 1999 - Which Algorithm for Scheduling Add-on Elective Cases Maximizes Operating Room Utilization?
Anesthesiology, vol. 91, no. 5, p. 1491, 1999 - Forecasting Surgical Groups??? Total Hours of Elective Cases for Allocation of Block Time
Anesthesiology, vol. 91, no. 5, p. 1501, 1999 - Relying solely on historical surgical times to estimate accurately future surgical times is unlikely to reduce the average length of time cases finish late
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 601–605, 1999 - Do clinical pathways improve efficiency?
Seminars in Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 281–288, 1999 - MANAGEMENT OF THE OPERATING ROOMA New Practice Opportunity for Anesthesiologists
Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 365–394, 1999 - What can the postanesthesiacare unit manager do to decrease costs in the postanesthesia care unit?*
Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 284–293, 1999 - Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, vol. 15, no. 3/4, pp. 153–162, 1999
- Decrease in Case Duration Required to Complete an Additional Case During Regularly Scheduled Hours in an Operating Room Suite
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 72–76, 1999 - Selecting Double-Lumen Tubes for Small Patients
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 88, no. 2, p. 466, 1999 - Computer Simulation to Determine How Rapid Anesthetic Recovery Protocols to Decrease the Time for Emergence or Increase the Phase I Postanesthesia Care Unit Bypass Rate Affect Staffing of an Ambulatory Surgery Center
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 1053–1063, 1999 - Which Clinical Anesthesia Outcomes Are Both Common and Important to Avoid? The Perspective of a Panel of Expert Anesthesiologists
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 1085–1091, 1999 - Another Use of a Bronchoscopic Swivel Adapter
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 1187–1188, 1999 - An Operating Room Scheduling Strategy to Maximize the Use of Operating Room Block Time
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 7–20, 1999 - Which Clinical Anesthesia Outcomes Are Important to Avoid? The Perspective of Patients
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 89, no. 3, p. 652, 1999 - A Strategy for Deciding Operating Room Assignments for Second-Shift Anesthetists
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 89, no. 4, p. 920, 1999 - Postoperative epidural injection of saline can shorten postanesthesia care unit time for knee arthroscopy patients*1
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 247–251, 1998 - Setting Performance Standards for an Anesthesia Department
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 166–175, 1998 - Hospital profitability for a surgeon's common procedures predicts the surgeon's overall profitability for the hospital
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 457–463, 1998 - Computer simulation of changes in nursing productivity from early tracheal extubation of coronary artery bypass graft patients
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 593–598, 1998 - Obstetric Postanesthesia Care Unit Stays
Anesthesiology, vol. 89, no. 6, pp. 1559–1565, 1998 - The Effect of a Perioperative Clinical Pathway for Knee Replacement Surgery on Hospital Costs
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 978–984, 1998 - Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis After Radical Cystectomy in a Patient with a History of Bulbar Polio
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 1171–1172, 1997 - Hospital Costs and Severity of Illness in Three Types of Elective Surgery
Anesthesiology, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 92–100, 1997 - Economics of Anesthesia Care
Anesthesiology, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1018–1019, 1997 - Does Early Extubation ("Fast-tracking") of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients Truly Decrease Perioperative Costs?
Anesthesiology, vol. 87, no. 1, p. 181, 1997 - Tracheal Diameter Predicts Double-Lumen Tube Size
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 861–864, 1996 - Improved Outcome with Chronic Subcutaneous Infusion of Ondansetron for Intractable Nausea and Vomiting
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 194–195, 1996 - Fuzzy logic: Theory and medical applications
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 800–808, 1996 - Spinal Versus Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 709–712, 1995 - Spinal Versus Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 1318–1319, 1995 - Pain outcomes after thoracotomy: Lumbar epidural hydromorphone versus intrapleural bupivacaine
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 534–537, 1995 - Modified bronchocath double-lumen tube
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 784–785, 1995 - Reply
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 175–176, 1995 - The demographics of inpatient pediatric anesthesia: Implications for credentialing policy,
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 507–511, 1995 - A Cost Analysis of the Laryngeal Mask Airway for Elective Surgery in Adult Outpatients
Anesthesiology, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 250–257, 1995 - Where Are the Costs in Perioperative Care?
Anesthesiology, vol. 83, no. 6, pp. 1138–1144, 1995 - Comparison of Estimated Variable Costs Is a Surrogate for Actual Cost Experience
Anesthesiology, vol. 83, no. 6, p. 1387, 1995 - Elimination of 12 and 24 Fr Esophageal Stethoscopes from Anesthetic Practice (An Attempt at Cost Containment)
Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 79, no. 2, p. 393, 1994