Michal Schwartz
Michal Schwartz is a Professor of neuroimmunology at The Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Schwartz was the first to claim that the integrity of the immune system is pivotal for neural tissue survival and repair. She pioneered the concept of “protective autoimmunity” and its role in CNS maintenance, cognitive activity, and cell renewal from adult stem cells in the healthy and the diseased CNS. Her work has led to a paradigm shift in the perception of central issues in immunology, neurobiology, and adult neural stem cells by suggesting, against the common wisdom, that immune surveillance by autoreactive T cells maintain, fight off, and correct dysfunction of the CNS. Her publications include numerous peer-reviewed articles and invited reviews, many of which appear in the highest ranked journals. Schwartz has received a number of prestigious awards for her research, including the 2002 Friedenwald Award. She was appointed by the American Spinal Cord Injury Association, to the Distinguished G. Heiner Sell Memorial Lectureship in 2002 for outstanding achievement in the field of spinal cord injury. Lately she was one of the recipients of the The Mental Health Research Association (NARSAD) Distinguished Investigative Award. She has developed a cell-based therapy, based on the therapeutic activity of immune cells, for partial recovery after severe spinal cord injury. Her novel view of the cross-talk between the immune and the nervous systems is a basis for development of therapeutic vaccinations, and for searching for biological markers for chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
Biography Updated on 27 June 2007
Articles in Scholarly Journals [Incomplete List]
- A Novel Immune-Based Therapy for Stroke Induces Neuroprotection and Supports Neurogenesis
Stroke, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 774–782, 2007 - Chondroitin Sulfate-Derived Disaccharide Protects Retinal Cells from Elevated Intraocular Pressure in Aged and Immunocompromised Rats
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 1181–1190, 2007 - Induction and blockage of oligodendrogenesis by differently activated microglia in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 905–915, 2006 - Immune-Based Therapy for Spinal Cord Repair: Autologous Macrophages and Beyond
Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 23, no. 3-4, pp. 360–370, 2006 - A sulfated disaccharide derived from chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan protects against inflammation-associated neurodegeneration
The FASEB Journal, 2006 - Does Inflammation in an Autoimmune Disease Differ from Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Possible Implications for Therapy
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4–10, 2006 - Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-? differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem/progenitor cells
Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 149–160, 2006 - Loss of autoimmune T cells correlates with brain diseases: possible implications for schizophrenia?
Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 107–112, 2006 - Microglial phenotype: is the commitment reversible?
Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 68–74, 2006 - Neuroprotection induced by mucosal tolerance is epitope-dependent: Conflicting effects in different strains
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 175, no. 1-2, pp. 31–38, 2006 - Immune cells contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood
Nature Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 2, Article ID nn1629, 7 pages, 2006 - Synergy between immune cells and adult neural stem/progenitor cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 103, no. 35, pp. 13174–13179, 2006 - From the Cover: Glatiramer acetate fights against Alzheimer's disease by inducing dendritic-like microglia expressing insulin-like growth factor 1
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 103, no. 31, pp. 11784–11789, 2006 - Protective autoimmunity and neuroprotection in inflammatory and noninflammatory neurodegenerative diseases
Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 233, no. 1-2, pp. 163–166, 2005 - Activation of microglia by aggregated ß-amyloid or lipopolysaccharide impairs MHC-II expression and renders them cytotoxic whereas IFN-? and IL-4 render them protective
Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 381–393, 2005 - Pattern electroretinography in a rat model of ocular hypertension: functional evidence for early detection of inner retinal damage
Experimental Eye Research, 2005 - Beneficial autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Trends in Immunology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 248–253, 2005 - T-cell-based vaccination for morphological and functional neuroprotection in a rat model of chronically elevated intraocular pressure
Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 83, no. 11, pp. 904–916, 2005 - T???Cell???Based Vaccination Against Neurodegeneration: A New Therapeutic Approach
Retina, vol. 25, no. Supplement, pp. S33–S35, 2005 - Post-Intoxication Vaccination for Protection of Neurons against the Toxicity of Nerve Agents
Toxicological Sciences, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 163–168, 2005 - Lessons for Glaucoma From Other Neurodegenerative Diseases: Can One Treatment Suit Them All?*
Journal of Glaucoma, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 321–323, 2005 - Therapeutic T Cell-Based Vaccination for Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Role of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1051, no. 1, pp. 701–708, 2005 - Controlled Autoimmunity in CNS Maintenance and Repair: Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cells at the Crossroads of Health and Disease
NeuroMolecular Medicine, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 197–206, 2005 - Protective autoimmunity: interferon-gamma enables microglia to remove glutamate without evoking inflammatory mediators
Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 997–1009, 2005 - Dopamine, through the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway, Downregulates CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cell Activity: Implications for Neurodegeneration
Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 24, no. 27, pp. 6133–6143, 2004 - The therapeutic window after spinal cord injury can accommodate T cell-based vaccination and methylprednisolone in rats
European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 2984–2990, 2004 - Low-dose gamma-irradiation promotes survival of injured neurons in the central nervous system via homeostasis-driven proliferation of T cells
European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1191–1198, 2004 - A disaccharide derived from chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan promotes central nervous system repair in rats and mice+
European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1973–1983, 2004 - Vaccination with autoantigen protects against aggregated ?-amyloid and glutamate toxicity by controlling microglia: effect of CD4+CD25+ T?cells
European Journal of Immunology, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 3434–3445, 2004 - Self and non-self discrimination is needed for the existence rather than deletion of autoimmunity: the role of regulatory T cells in protective autoimmunity
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol. 61, no. 18, 2004 - Early activation of microglia as antigen-presenting cells correlates with T cell-mediated protection and repair of the injured central nervous system
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 146, no. 1-2, pp. 84–93, 2004 - Therapeutic T-cell-based vaccination versus pharmacological intervention for neuroprotection: restoring lost homeostasis
Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 281–286, 2004 - A common vaccine for fighting neurodegenerative disorders: recharging immunity for homeostasis
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 407–412, 2004 - Autoimmunity as an immune defense against degenerative processes: a primary mathematical model illustrating the bright side of autoimmunity*1
Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 227, no. 4, pp. 583–592, 2004 - Vaccination for glaucoma: dream or reality?
Brain Research Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 481–484, 2004 - Optic nerve crush: protection and regeneration
Brain Research Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 467–471, 2004 - T cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: Implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. 21, pp. 8180–8185, 2004 - Dual effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in neurodegeneration: A dialogue with microglia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. suppl_2, pp. 14663–14669, 2004 - Therapeutic vaccine for acute and chronic motor neuron diseases: Implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 4790–4795, 2003 - Harm or heal – divergent effects of autoimmune neuroinflammation?
Trends in Immunology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 5–6, 2003 - Autoimmunity as a special case of immunity: removing threats from within
Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 88–93, 2003 - Epilepsy associated with pediatric brain tumors: the neuro-oncologic perspective
Pediatric Neurology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 232–235, 2003 - Beneficial effect of orally administered myelin basic protein inEAE-susceptible Lewis rats in a model of acute CNSdegeneration
Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 131–138, 2003 - Therapeutic vaccination for spinal cord injury: helping the body to cure itself
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 7–12, 2003 - Protective autoimmunity against the enemy within: fighting glutamate toxicity
Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 297–302, 2003 - Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Injury: Are They Helpful or Harmful?
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, pp. 385–394, 2003 - Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Development of a Therapeutic Neuroprotective Vaccine: The Friedenwald Lecture
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1407–1411, 2003 - Antigenic Specificity of Immunoprotective Therapeutic Vaccination for Glaucoma
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 3374–3381, 2003 - Autoimmunity as the Body's Defense Mechanism Against the Enemy Within: Development of Therapeutic Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Journal of NeuroVirology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 480–485, 2002 - Neuroprotective Effect of Memantine in Different Retinal Injury Models in Rats
Journal of Glaucoma, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 474–480, 2002 - Myelin specific Th1 cells are necessary for post-traumatic protective autoimmunity
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 130, no. 1-2, pp. 78–85, 2002 - Erratum to “Myelin specific Th1 cells are necessary for post-traumatic protective autoimmunity” [J. Neuroimmunol. 130 (2002) 78–85]
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 132, no. 1-2, p. 196, 2002 - Dual action of glatiramer acetate (Cop-1) in the treatment of CNS autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders
Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 319–323, 2002 - Autoimmunity on alert: naturally occurring regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells as part of the evolutionary compromise between a ‘need’ and a ‘risk’
Trends in Immunology, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 530–534, 2002 - Immune-related mechanisms participating in resistance and susceptibility to glutamate toxicity
European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 557–564, 2002 - Sexual dimorphism in the spontaneous recovery from spinal cord injury: a gender gap in beneficial autoimmunity?
European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1731–1740, 2002 - Neuroprotective autoimmunity: Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress the ability to withstand injury to the central nervous system
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 99, no. 24, pp. 15620–15625, 2002 - Prospects for therapeutic vaccination with glatiramer acetate for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease
Drug Development Research, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 143–149, 2002 - Diffusion anisotropy MRI for quantitative assessment of recovery in injured rat spinal cord
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2001 - T cell mediated neuroprotection is a physiological response to central nervous system insults
Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 594–597, 2001 - Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: Implications for glaucoma
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 3398–3403, 2001 - Thrombin attenuation is neuroprotective in the injured rat optic nerve
Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 641–649, 2001 - Vaccination with a Nogo-A-derived peptide after incomplete spinal-cord injury promotes recovery via a T-cell-mediated neuroprotective response: Comparison with other myelin antigens
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 98, no. 26, pp. 15173–15178, 2001 - Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 617–627, 2001
- Protective autoimmunity: regulation and prospects for vaccination after brain and spinal cord injuries
Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 252–258, 2001 - Physiological Approaches to NeuroprotectionBoosting of Protective Autoimmunity
Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 45, pp. S256–S260, 2001 - Beneficial immune activity after CNS injury: prospects for vaccination
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 185–192, 2001 - Increased post-traumatic survival of neurons in IL-6-knockout mice on a background of EAE susceptibility
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2001 - T-cell-based immunity counteracts the potential toxicity of glutamate in the central nervous system
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 199–204, 2001 - T cell-mediated neuroprotection involves antithrombin activity
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 121, no. 1-2, pp. 12–21, 2001 - Protective autoimmunity as a T-cell response to central nervous system trauma: prospects for therapeutic vaccines
Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 489–496, 2001 - Immunological Approaches to the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
BioDrugs, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 585–593, 2001 - Posttraumatic therapeutic vaccination with modified myelin self-antigen prevents complete paralysis while avoiding autoimmune disease
Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 591–599, 2001 - Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 107–111, 2000
- Autoimmunity can benefit self-maintenance
Immunology Today, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 265–268, 2000 - Delayed post-traumatic visual loss: a clinical dilemma
Pediatric Neurology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 133–135, 2000 - Autoimmune T cells as potential neuroprotective therapy for spinal cord injury
The Lancet, vol. 355, no. 9200, pp. 286–287, 2000 - Autoimmune T cells retard the loss of function in injured rat optic nerves
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 106, no. 1-2, pp. 189–197, 2000 - T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: Possible therapy for optic neuropathies
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 97, no. 13, pp. 7446–7451, 2000 - Protective autoimmunity: potential treatment for traumatized optic nerves
Neuro-Ophthalmology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 395–399, 2000 - VISUAL PATHWAY TUMORS AND HYDROCEPHALUS
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 463–468, 2000 - Production of Neurotrophins by Activated T Cells: Implications for Neuroprotective Autoimmunity
Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 331–345, 2000 - Vaccination for T cell-mediated neuroprotection: Dream or reality?
Drug Development Research, vol. 50, no. 3-4, pp. 223–225, 2000 - The remedy may lie in ourselves: prospects for immune cell therapy in central nervous system protection and repair
Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 713–717, 1999 - 'Axogenic' and 'somagenic' neurodegenerative diseases: definitions and therapeutic implications
Molecular Medicine Today, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 470–473, 1999 - Nature Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 49–55, 1999
- Link between optic nerve regrowth failure and macrophage stimulation in mammals
Vision Research, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 169–175, 1999 - Autoimmune maintenance and neuroprotection of the central nervous system
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 100, no. 1-2, pp. 111–114, 1999 - Innate and adaptive immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair
Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 295–299, 1999 - Potential Repair of Rat Spinal Cord Injuries Using Stimulated Homologous Macrophages
Neurosurgery, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1041–1045, 1999 - Accumulation of passively transferred primed T cells independently of their antigen specificity following central nervous system trauma
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 89, no. 1-2, pp. 88–96, 1998 - Potential Neuroprotective Therapy for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 367–372, 1998 - Implantation of stimulated homologous macrophages results in partial recovery of paraplegic rats
Nature Medicine, vol. 4, no. 7, Article ID nm0798-814, 7 pages, 1998 - Restricted inflammatory reaction in the CNS: a key impediment to axonal regeneration?
Molecular Medicine Today, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 337–342, 1998 - Diffuse brain stem gliomas
Child's Nervous System, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 578–581, 1998 - GTP-dependent conformational changes associated with the functional switch between Ga and cross-linking activities in brain-derived tissue transglutaminase1 ?
Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 282, no. 4, pp. 713–720, 1998 - Differential effects of central and peripheral nerves on macrophages and microglia
Glia, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 181–190, 1998 - Peripheral nerve-stimulated macrophages simulate a peripheral nerve-like regenerative response in rat transected optic nerve
Glia, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 329–337, 1998 - Degeneration of Spared Axons Following Partial White Matter Lesion: Implications for Optic Nerve Neuropathies
Experimental Neurology, vol. 153, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 1998 - Expression of GTP-dependent and GTP-independent Tissue-type Transglutaminase in Cytokine-treated Rat Brain Astrocytes
Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 272, no. 6, pp. 3724–3732, 1997 - Optic nerve disease and injury: Prospects for induction of regeneration
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 569–582, 1996 - Complete transection of rat optic nerve while sparing the meninges and the vasculature: an experimental model for optic nerve neuropathy and trauma
Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 21–25, 1996 - Macrophage recruitment to acutely injured central nervous system is inhibited by a resident factor: a basis for an immune-brain barrier
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 89–96, 1995 - Glial cell types, lineages, and response to injury in rat and fish: Implications for regeneration
Glia, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 157–165, 1995 - Vimentin immunoreactive glial cells in the fish optic nerve: Implications for regeneration
Glia, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 16–29, 1994 - Cytokines Modulate the Inflammatory Response and Change Permissiveness to Neuronal Adhesion in Injured Mammalian Central Nervous System
Experimental Neurology, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 284–290, 1994 - Nonpermissive Nature of Fish Optic Nerves to Axonal Growth Is Due to Presence of Myelin-Associated Growth Inhibitors
Experimental Neurology, vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 411–413, 1994 - Evidence for the existence of low-energy laser bioeffects on the nervous system
Neurosurgical Review, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7–17, 1994 - Intermediate filaments reminiscent of immature cells expressed by goldfish (Carassius auratus) astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in vitro
Cell & Tissue Research, vol. 275, no. 2, pp. 327–337, 1994 - Presence of growth inhibitors in fish optic nerve myelin: Postinjury changes
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 343, no. 2, pp. 237–246, 1994 - The enigma of myelin-associated growth inhibitors in spontaneously regenerating nervous systems
Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 277–281, 1994 - Inflammation after axonal injury has conflicting consequences for recovery of function: Rescue of spared axons is impaired but regeneration is supported
Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 1994 - Linear dimeric interleukin-2 obtained by the use of a defective herpes simplex viral vector: conformation-activity relationship
Molecular Brain Research, vol. 26, no. 1-2, pp. 156–162, 1994 - Ophthalmic effects of low-energy laser irradiation
Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 113–122, 1994 - Brain Neurons and Glial Cells Express Neu Differentiation Factor/Heregulin: A Survival Factor for Astrocytes
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 91, no. 20, pp. 9387–9391, 1994 - Astrocytes play a major role in the control of neuronal proliferation in vitro
Brain Research, vol. 629, no. 2, pp. 199–208, 1993 - cDNA clones from fish optic nerve
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 439–447, 1993 - Axonal regeneration is associated with glial migration: Comparison between the injured optic nerves of fish and rats
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 330, no. 1, pp. 105–112, 1993 - Cloning and characteristics of fish glial fibrillary acidic protein: Implications for optic nerve regeneration
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 334, no. 3, pp. 431–443, 1993 - Dose and temporal parameters in delaying injured optic nerve degeneration by low-energy laser irradiation
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 611–617, 1993 - Temporal and spatial patterns of expression of laminin, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and HNK-1 immunoreactivity during regeneration in the goldfish optic nerve
Journal of Neurocytology, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 557–573, 1992 - Characteristics of fish glial cells in culture: Possible implications as to their lineage
Glia, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 52–66, 1992 - Disappearance of astrocytes and invasion of macrophages following crush injury of adult rodent optic nerves: Implications for regeneration
Experimental Neurology, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 105–115, 1992 - Horseradish peroxidase labeling of growth cones and axons beyond the site of injury in injured rabbit optic nerve axons growing in their own environment
Brain Research, vol. 575, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 1992 - L1 immunoreactivity in the developing fish visual system
Brain Research, vol. 574, no. 1-2, pp. 244–250, 1992 - Identification of an Interleukin 2-Like Substance as a Factor Cytotoxic to Oligodendrocytes and Associated with Central Nervous System Regeneration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 5442–5446, 1992 - Isolation and sequence analysis of two intermediate filament cDNA clones from fish optic nerve
Molecular Brain Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 181–185, 1991 - Tumor necrosis factor facilitates regeneration of injured central nervous system axons
Brain Research, vol. 545, no. 1-2, pp. 334–338, 1991 - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in the fish optic nerve
Glia, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 393–399, 1991 - Soluble factor(s) produced in injured fish optic nerve regulate the postinjury number of oligodendrocytes: Possible role of macrophages
Glia, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 591–601, 1991 - New Surgical Approach To Overcome The Inability Of Injured
Mammalian Axons To Grow Within Their Environment
Neural Plasticity, vol. 2, no. 3-4, pp. 243–248, 1991 - Fish Apolipoprotein-A-I Has Heparin Binding Activity: Implication for Nerve Regeneration
Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1237–1243, 1990 - Glial response to axonal injury: In vitro manifestation and implication for regeneration
Glia, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 267–276, 1990 - Growth of injured rabbit optic axons within their degenerating optic nerve
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 298, no. 3, pp. 293–314, 1990 - Oligodendrocyte cytotoxic factor associated with fish optic nerve regeneration: implications for mammalian CNS regeneration
Brain Research, vol. 537, no. 1-2, pp. 24–32, 1990 - Immunological evidence that the neural adhesion molecule L1 is expressed in fish brain and optic nerve: possible association with optic nerve regeneration
Brain Research, vol. 530, no. 2, pp. 239–244, 1990