Michal Schwartz

Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

Michal Schwartz is a Professor of neuroimmunology at The Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Schwartz was the first to claim that the integrity of the immune system is pivotal for neural tissue survival and repair. She pioneered the concept of “protective autoimmunity” and its role in CNS maintenance, cognitive activity, and cell renewal from adult stem cells in the healthy and the diseased CNS. Her work has led to a paradigm shift in the perception of central issues in immunology, neurobiology, and adult neural stem cells by suggesting, against the common wisdom, that immune surveillance by autoreactive T cells maintain, fight off, and correct dysfunction of the CNS. Her publications include numerous peer-reviewed articles and invited reviews, many of which appear in the highest ranked journals. Schwartz has received a number of prestigious awards for her research, including the 2002 Friedenwald Award. She was appointed by the American Spinal Cord Injury Association, to the Distinguished G. Heiner Sell Memorial Lectureship in 2002 for outstanding achievement in the field of spinal cord injury. Lately she was one of the recipients of the The Mental Health Research Association (NARSAD) Distinguished Investigative Award. She has developed a cell-based therapy, based on the therapeutic activity of immune cells, for partial recovery after severe spinal cord injury. Her novel view of the cross-talk between the immune and the nervous systems is a basis for development of therapeutic vaccinations, and for searching for biological markers for chronic neurodegenerative disorders.

Biography Updated on 27 June 2007

Articles in Scholarly Journals [Incomplete List]

1. Chondroitin Sulfate-Derived Disaccharide Protects Retinal Cells from Elevated Intraocular Pressure in Aged and Immunocompromised Rats
   Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 1181–1190, 2007
2. A Novel Immune-Based Therapy for Stroke Induces Neuroprotection and Supports Neurogenesis
   Stroke, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 774–782, 2007
3. Induction and blockage of oligodendrogenesis by differently activated microglia in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
   Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 905–915, 2006
4. Does Inflammation in an Autoimmune Disease Differ from Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Possible Implications for Therapy
   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4–10, 2006
5. Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-? differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem/progenitor cells
   Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 149–160, 2006
6. Loss of autoimmune T cells correlates with brain diseases: possible implications for schizophrenia?
   Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 107–112, 2006
7. Microglial phenotype: is the commitment reversible?
   Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 68–74, 2006
8. Neuroprotection induced by mucosal tolerance is epitope-dependent: Conflicting effects in different strains
   Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 175, no. 1-2, pp. 31–38, 2006
9. Immune cells contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood
   Nature Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 2, Article ID nn1629, 7 pages, 2006
10. Synergy between immune cells and adult neural stem/progenitor cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 103, no. 35, pp. 13174–13179, 2006
11. From the Cover: Glatiramer acetate fights against Alzheimer's disease by inducing dendritic-like microglia expressing insulin-like growth factor 1
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 103, no. 31, pp. 11784–11789, 2006
12. Immune-Based Therapy for Spinal Cord Repair: Autologous Macrophages and Beyond
    Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 23, no. 3-4, pp. 360–370, 2006
13. A sulfated disaccharide derived from chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan protects against inflammation-associated neurodegeneration
    The FASEB Journal, 2006
14. T???Cell???Based Vaccination Against Neurodegeneration: A New Therapeutic Approach
    Retina, vol. 25, no. Supplement, pp. S33–S35, 2005
15. Pattern electroretinography in a rat model of ocular hypertension: functional evidence for early detection of inner retinal damage
    Experimental Eye Research, 2005
16. Activation of microglia by aggregated ß-amyloid or lipopolysaccharide impairs MHC-II expression and renders them cytotoxic whereas IFN-? and IL-4 render them protective
    Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 381–393, 2005
17. T-cell-based vaccination for morphological and functional neuroprotection in a rat model of chronically elevated intraocular pressure
    Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 83, no. 11, pp. 904–916, 2005
18. Beneficial autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes mellitus
    Trends in Immunology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 248–253, 2005
19. Protective autoimmunity and neuroprotection in inflammatory and noninflammatory neurodegenerative diseases
    Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 233, no. 1-2, pp. 163–166, 2005
20. Therapeutic T Cell-Based Vaccination for Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Role of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1051, no. 1, pp. 701–708, 2005
21. Controlled Autoimmunity in CNS Maintenance and Repair: Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cells at the Crossroads of Health and Disease
    NeuroMolecular Medicine, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 197–206, 2005
22. Lessons for Glaucoma From Other Neurodegenerative Diseases: Can One Treatment Suit Them All?*
    Journal of Glaucoma, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 321–323, 2005
23. Protective autoimmunity: interferon-gamma enables microglia to remove glutamate without evoking inflammatory mediators
    Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 997–1009, 2005
24. Post-Intoxication Vaccination for Protection of Neurons against the Toxicity of Nerve Agents
    Toxicological Sciences, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 163–168, 2005
25. The therapeutic window after spinal cord injury can accommodate T cell-based vaccination and methylprednisolone in rats
    European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 2984–2990, 2004
26. Low-dose gamma-irradiation promotes survival of injured neurons in the central nervous system via homeostasis-driven proliferation of T cells
    European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1191–1198, 2004
27. A disaccharide derived from chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan promotes central nervous system repair in rats and mice+
    European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1973–1983, 2004
28. Dopamine, through the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway, Downregulates CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cell Activity: Implications for Neurodegeneration
    Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 24, no. 27, pp. 6133–6143, 2004
29. Autoimmunity as an immune defense against degenerative processes: a primary mathematical model illustrating the bright side of autoimmunity*1
    Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 227, no. 4, pp. 583–592, 2004
30. Self and non-self discrimination is needed for the existence rather than deletion of autoimmunity: the role of regulatory T cells in protective autoimmunity
    Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol. 61, no. 18, 2004
31. Vaccination with autoantigen protects against aggregated ?-amyloid and glutamate toxicity by controlling microglia: effect of CD4+CD25+ T?cells
    European Journal of Immunology, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 3434–3445, 2004
32. A common vaccine for fighting neurodegenerative disorders: recharging immunity for homeostasis
    Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 407–412, 2004
33. Therapeutic T-cell-based vaccination versus pharmacological intervention for neuroprotection: restoring lost homeostasis
    Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 281–286, 2004
34. Early activation of microglia as antigen-presenting cells correlates with T cell-mediated protection and repair of the injured central nervous system
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 146, no. 1-2, pp. 84–93, 2004
35. Vaccination for glaucoma: dream or reality?
    Brain Research Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 481–484, 2004
36. Optic nerve crush: protection and regeneration
    Brain Research Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 467–471, 2004
37. T cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: Implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. 21, pp. 8180–8185, 2004
38. Dual effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in neurodegeneration: A dialogue with microglia
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. suppl_2, pp. 14663–14669, 2004
39. Autoimmunity as a special case of immunity: removing threats from within
    Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 88–93, 2003
40. Protective autoimmunity against the enemy within: fighting glutamate toxicity
    Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 297–302, 2003
41. Beneficial effect of orally administered myelin basic protein inEAE-susceptible Lewis rats in a model of acute CNSdegeneration
    Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 131–138, 2003
42. Harm or heal – divergent effects of autoimmune neuroinflammation?
    Trends in Immunology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 5–6, 2003
43. Therapeutic vaccine for acute and chronic motor neuron diseases: Implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 4790–4795, 2003
44. Epilepsy associated with pediatric brain tumors: the neuro-oncologic perspective
    Pediatric Neurology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 232–235, 2003
45. Therapeutic vaccination for spinal cord injury: helping the body to cure itself
    Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 7–12, 2003
46. Antigenic Specificity of Immunoprotective Therapeutic Vaccination for Glaucoma
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 3374–3381, 2003
47. Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Injury: Are They Helpful or Harmful?
    Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, pp. 385–394, 2003
48. Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Development of a Therapeutic Neuroprotective Vaccine: The Friedenwald Lecture
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1407–1411, 2003
49. Neuroprotective Effect of Memantine in Different Retinal Injury Models in Rats
    Journal of Glaucoma, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 474–480, 2002
50. Myelin specific Th1 cells are necessary for post-traumatic protective autoimmunity
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 130, no. 1-2, pp. 78–85, 2002
51. Erratum to “Myelin specific Th1 cells are necessary for post-traumatic protective autoimmunity” [J. Neuroimmunol. 130 (2002) 78–85]
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 132, no. 1-2, p. 196, 2002
52. Neuroprotective autoimmunity: Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress the ability to withstand injury to the central nervous system
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 99, no. 24, pp. 15620–15625, 2002
53. Autoimmunity as the Body's Defense Mechanism Against the Enemy Within: Development of Therapeutic Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Disorders
    Journal of NeuroVirology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 480–485, 2002
54. Immune-related mechanisms participating in resistance and susceptibility to glutamate toxicity
    European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 557–564, 2002
55. Sexual dimorphism in the spontaneous recovery from spinal cord injury: a gender gap in beneficial autoimmunity?
    European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1731–1740, 2002
56. Dual action of glatiramer acetate (Cop-1) in the treatment of CNS autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders
    Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 319–323, 2002
57. Autoimmunity on alert: naturally occurring regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells as part of the evolutionary compromise between a ‘need’ and a ‘risk’
    Trends in Immunology, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 530–534, 2002
58. Prospects for therapeutic vaccination with glatiramer acetate for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease
    Drug Development Research, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 143–149, 2002
59. T cell mediated neuroprotection is a physiological response to central nervous system insults
    Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 594–597, 2001
60. Diffusion anisotropy MRI for quantitative assessment of recovery in injured rat spinal cord
    Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2001
61. Protective autoimmunity: regulation and prospects for vaccination after brain and spinal cord injuries
    Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 252–258, 2001
62. Vaccination with a Nogo-A-derived peptide after incomplete spinal-cord injury promotes recovery via a T-cell-mediated neuroprotective response: Comparison with other myelin antigens
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 98, no. 26, pp. 15173–15178, 2001
63. Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: Implications for glaucoma
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 3398–3403, 2001
64. Thrombin attenuation is neuroprotective in the injured rat optic nerve
    Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 641–649, 2001
65. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 617–627, 2001
66. T-cell-based immunity counteracts the potential toxicity of glutamate in the central nervous system
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 199–204, 2001
67. T cell-mediated neuroprotection involves antithrombin activity
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 121, no. 1-2, pp. 12–21, 2001
68. Protective autoimmunity as a T-cell response to central nervous system trauma: prospects for therapeutic vaccines
    Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 489–496, 2001
69. Beneficial immune activity after CNS injury: prospects for vaccination
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 185–192, 2001
70. Physiological Approaches to NeuroprotectionBoosting of Protective Autoimmunity
    Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 45, pp. S256–S260, 2001
71. Increased post-traumatic survival of neurons in IL-6-knockout mice on a background of EAE susceptibility
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2001
72. Posttraumatic therapeutic vaccination with modified myelin self-antigen prevents complete paralysis while avoiding autoimmune disease
    Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 591–599, 2001
73. Immunological Approaches to the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
    BioDrugs, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 585–593, 2001
74. Protective autoimmunity: potential treatment for traumatized optic nerves
    Neuro-Ophthalmology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 395–399, 2000
75. VISUAL PATHWAY TUMORS AND HYDROCEPHALUS
    Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 463–468, 2000
76. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 107–111, 2000
77. Autoimmune T cells as potential neuroprotective therapy for spinal cord injury
    The Lancet, vol. 355, no. 9200, pp. 286–287, 2000
78. Delayed post-traumatic visual loss: a clinical dilemma
    Pediatric Neurology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 133–135, 2000
79. Autoimmune T cells retard the loss of function in injured rat optic nerves
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 106, no. 1-2, pp. 189–197, 2000
80. Autoimmunity can benefit self-maintenance
    Immunology Today, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 265–268, 2000
81. T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: Possible therapy for optic neuropathies
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 97, no. 13, pp. 7446–7451, 2000
82. Vaccination for T cell-mediated neuroprotection: Dream or reality?
    Drug Development Research, vol. 50, no. 3-4, pp. 223–225, 2000
83. Production of Neurotrophins by Activated T Cells: Implications for Neuroprotective Autoimmunity
    Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 331–345, 2000
84. The remedy may lie in ourselves: prospects for immune cell therapy in central nervous system protection and repair
    Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 713–717, 1999
85. Nature Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 49–55, 1999
86. 'Axogenic' and 'somagenic' neurodegenerative diseases: definitions and therapeutic implications
    Molecular Medicine Today, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 470–473, 1999
87. Link between optic nerve regrowth failure and macrophage stimulation in mammals
    Vision Research, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 169–175, 1999
88. Autoimmune maintenance and neuroprotection of the central nervous system
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 100, no. 1-2, pp. 111–114, 1999
89. Innate and adaptive immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair
    Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 295–299, 1999
90. Potential Repair of Rat Spinal Cord Injuries Using Stimulated Homologous Macrophages
    Neurosurgery, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1041–1045, 1999
91. Restricted inflammatory reaction in the CNS: a key impediment to axonal regeneration?
    Molecular Medicine Today, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 337–342, 1998
92. Potential Neuroprotective Therapy for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
    Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 367–372, 1998
93. Implantation of stimulated homologous macrophages results in partial recovery of paraplegic rats
    Nature Medicine, vol. 4, no. 7, Article ID nm0798-814, 7 pages, 1998
94. Diffuse brain stem gliomas
    Child's Nervous System, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 578–581, 1998
95. Peripheral nerve-stimulated macrophages simulate a peripheral nerve-like regenerative response in rat transected optic nerve
    Glia, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 329–337, 1998
96. Differential effects of central and peripheral nerves on macrophages and microglia
    Glia, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 181–190, 1998
97. Degeneration of Spared Axons Following Partial White Matter Lesion: Implications for Optic Nerve Neuropathies
    Experimental Neurology, vol. 153, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 1998
98. Accumulation of passively transferred primed T cells independently of their antigen specificity following central nervous system trauma
    Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 89, no. 1-2, pp. 88–96, 1998
99. GTP-dependent conformational changes associated with the functional switch between Ga and cross-linking activities in brain-derived tissue transglutaminase1 ?
    Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 282, no. 4, pp. 713–720, 1998
100. Expression of GTP-dependent and GTP-independent Tissue-type Transglutaminase in Cytokine-treated Rat Brain Astrocytes
     Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 272, no. 6, pp. 3724–3732, 1997
101. Complete transection of rat optic nerve while sparing the meninges and the vasculature: an experimental model for optic nerve neuropathy and trauma
     Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 21–25, 1996
102. Optic nerve disease and injury: Prospects for induction of regeneration
     Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 569–582, 1996
103. Macrophage recruitment to acutely injured central nervous system is inhibited by a resident factor: a basis for an immune-brain barrier
     Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 89–96, 1995
104. Glial cell types, lineages, and response to injury in rat and fish: Implications for regeneration
     Glia, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 157–165, 1995
105. Vimentin immunoreactive glial cells in the fish optic nerve: Implications for regeneration
     Glia, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 16–29, 1994
106. Nonpermissive Nature of Fish Optic Nerves to Axonal Growth Is Due to Presence of Myelin-Associated Growth Inhibitors
     Experimental Neurology, vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 411–413, 1994
107. Cytokines Modulate the Inflammatory Response and Change Permissiveness to Neuronal Adhesion in Injured Mammalian Central Nervous System
     Experimental Neurology, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 284–290, 1994
108. Presence of growth inhibitors in fish optic nerve myelin: Postinjury changes
     The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 343, no. 2, pp. 237–246, 1994
109. Intermediate filaments reminiscent of immature cells expressed by goldfish (Carassius auratus) astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in vitro
     Cell & Tissue Research, vol. 275, no. 2, pp. 327–337, 1994
110. The enigma of myelin-associated growth inhibitors in spontaneously regenerating nervous systems
     Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 277–281, 1994
111. Evidence for the existence of low-energy laser bioeffects on the nervous system
     Neurosurgical Review, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7–17, 1994
112. Ophthalmic effects of low-energy laser irradiation
     Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 113–122, 1994
113. Linear dimeric interleukin-2 obtained by the use of a defective herpes simplex viral vector: conformation-activity relationship
     Molecular Brain Research, vol. 26, no. 1-2, pp. 156–162, 1994
114. Inflammation after axonal injury has conflicting consequences for recovery of function: Rescue of spared axons is impaired but regeneration is supported
     Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 1994
115. Brain Neurons and Glial Cells Express Neu Differentiation Factor/Heregulin: A Survival Factor for Astrocytes
     Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 91, no. 20, pp. 9387–9391, 1994
116. Astrocytes play a major role in the control of neuronal proliferation in vitro
     Brain Research, vol. 629, no. 2, pp. 199–208, 1993
117. cDNA clones from fish optic nerve
     Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 439–447, 1993
118. Cloning and characteristics of fish glial fibrillary acidic protein: Implications for optic nerve regeneration
     The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 334, no. 3, pp. 431–443, 1993
119. Axonal regeneration is associated with glial migration: Comparison between the injured optic nerves of fish and rats
     The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 330, no. 1, pp. 105–112, 1993
120. Dose and temporal parameters in delaying injured optic nerve degeneration by low-energy laser irradiation
     Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 611–617, 1993
121. Characteristics of fish glial cells in culture: Possible implications as to their lineage
     Glia, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 52–66, 1992
122. Temporal and spatial patterns of expression of laminin, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and HNK-1 immunoreactivity during regeneration in the goldfish optic nerve
     Journal of Neurocytology, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 557–573, 1992
123. Disappearance of astrocytes and invasion of macrophages following crush injury of adult rodent optic nerves: Implications for regeneration
     Experimental Neurology, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 105–115, 1992
124. Horseradish peroxidase labeling of growth cones and axons beyond the site of injury in injured rabbit optic nerve axons growing in their own environment
     Brain Research, vol. 575, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 1992
125. L1 immunoreactivity in the developing fish visual system
     Brain Research, vol. 574, no. 1-2, pp. 244–250, 1992
126. Identification of an Interleukin 2-Like Substance as a Factor Cytotoxic to Oligodendrocytes and Associated with Central Nervous System Regeneration
     Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 5442–5446, 1992
127. Tumor necrosis factor facilitates regeneration of injured central nervous system axons
     Brain Research, vol. 545, no. 1-2, pp. 334–338, 1991
128. Isolation and sequence analysis of two intermediate filament cDNA clones from fish optic nerve
     Molecular Brain Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 181–185, 1991
129. Soluble factor(s) produced in injured fish optic nerve regulate the postinjury number of oligodendrocytes: Possible role of macrophages
     Glia, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 591–601, 1991
130. Glial fibrillary acidic protein in the fish optic nerve
     Glia, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 393–399, 1991
131. New Surgical Approach To Overcome The Inability Of Injured Mammalian Axons To Grow Within Their Environment
     Neural Plasticity, vol. 2, no. 3-4, pp. 243–248, 1991
132. Fish Apolipoprotein-A-I Has Heparin Binding Activity: Implication for Nerve Regeneration
     Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1237–1243, 1990
133. Glial response to axonal injury: In vitro manifestation and implication for regeneration
     Glia, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 267–276, 1990
134. Growth of injured rabbit optic axons within their degenerating optic nerve
     The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 298, no. 3, pp. 293–314, 1990
135. Oligodendrocyte cytotoxic factor associated with fish optic nerve regeneration: implications for mammalian CNS regeneration
     Brain Research, vol. 537, no. 1-2, pp. 24–32, 1990
136. Immunological evidence that the neural adhesion molecule L1 is expressed in fish brain and optic nerve: possible association with optic nerve regeneration
     Brain Research, vol. 530, no. 2, pp. 239–244, 1990
137. Temporal parameters of low energy laser irradiation for optimal delay of post-traumatic degeneration of rat optic nerve
     Brain Research, vol. 476, no. 2, pp. 205–212, 1989
138. Controlled room-temperature reduction of YBa2Cu3O7-x: A synthetic route to metastable superconducting phases
     Materials Letters, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 411–414, 1989
139. Quantitatively controlled, room temperature reduction of YBa2Cu3O7$minus;x by electrochemical methods
     Solid State Ionics, vol. 32-33, pp. 1137–1142, 1989
140. Conditioned media of regenerating fish optic nerves modulate laminin levels in glial cells
     Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 269–273, 1989
141. Optic Nerve Regeneration in Adult Fish and Apolipoprotein A-I
     Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1218–1228, 1989
142. Interactions between human and carp (Cyprimus carpio) low density lipoproteins (LDL) and LDL receptors
     Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 331–338, 1988
143. Electrochemical preparation and properties of oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O7-x
     Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 153-155, pp. 1457–1458, 1988
144. Environmental Changes Induced by Growth-Associated Triggering Factors in Injured Optic Nerve of Adult Rabbit
     Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 2528–2531, 1987
145. Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 26, no. 22, pp. 3653–3655, 1987
146. Effects of low-energy He-Ne laser irradiation on posttraumatic degeneration of adult rabbit optic nerve
     Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 51–55, 1987
147. Morphological response of injured adult rabbit optic nerve to implants containing media conditioned by growing optic nerves
     Brain Research, vol. 419, no. 1-2, pp. 166–172, 1987
148. Effects of Ag/Cu substitution in YBa2Cu3O7 superconductors
     Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1581–1588, 1987
149. Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect neuritic outgrowth from regenerating goldfish retinas
     Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, vol. 12, no. 3-4, pp. 243–251, 1984
150. Target dependent and independent stages in regeneration
     Brain Research, vol. 322, no. 1, pp. 115–118, 1984
151. Molecular events associated with increased regenerative capacity of the goldfish retinal ganglion cells following X-irradiation: Decreased level of axonal growth inhibitors
     Brain Research, vol. 306, no. 1-2, pp. 149–155, 1984
152. Sprouting inducing activity of human sera: Low capacity in sera from patients with cranial polyneuropathy
     Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 459–465, 1983
153. Inhibition of non-neuronal cell proliferation in the goldfish visual pathway affects the regenerative capacity of the retina
     Brain Research, vol. 272, no. 2, pp. 237–245, 1983
154. Goldfish tectal explants have a growth-promoting effect on neurites emerging from co-cultured regenerating retinal explants
     Developmental Brain Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 502–505, 1982
155. Factor(s) from goldfish brain induce neuritic outgrowth from explanted regenerating retinas
     Developmental Brain Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–35, 1982
156. Regenerating goldfish retinal explants: Induction and maintenance of neurites by conditioned medium from cells originated in the nervous system
     Developmental Brain Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21–28, 1982
157. Sprouting from Chicken Embryo Dorsal Root Ganglia Induced by Nerve Growth Factor is Specifically Inhibited by Affinity-Purified Antiganglioside Antibodies
     Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 79, no. 19, pp. 6080–6083, 1982
158. Antiganglioside Antibodies Inhibit Neuritic Outgrowth from Regenerating Goldfish Retinal Explants
     Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 874–877, 1982
159. Goldfish brain extract induces aggregation of acetylcholine receptors on cultured myotubes: Increased activity following optic nerve axotomy
     Neuroscience Letters, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 165–170, 1981
160. Linkage of murine (T,G)-A- -L-specific idiotypic determinants to the heavy chain constant region allotypic markers
     Immunogenetics, vol. 11-11, no. 1, pp. 191–198, 1980
161. Effect of azathioprine on the affinity of antibodies against acetylcholine receptor: Analysis with purified antibodies
     Molecular Immunology, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 483–487, 1979
162. Immunological memory following immunosuppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis with azathioprine
     Immunology Letters, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 101–104, 1979
163. Change in Specificity of Antibodies to a Random Synthetic Branched Polypeptide in Mice Tolerant to Its Ordered Analogs
     Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 76, no. 10, pp. 5286–5288, 1979
164. Specificity and Crossreactivity of Idiotypes of Murine Antibodies Induced by Poly(Tyr,Glu)-Poly(DLAla)-Poly(Lys) and Poly(Phe,Glu)-Poly(DLAla)-Poly(Lys)
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