Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstruction Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: Report of Two Cases and the Literature Overview
Table 2
Provisional case definition for “unmasking” tuberculosis-associated immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in resource-limited settings [7].
“Unmasking” TB-IRIS (provisional) The following could suggest a diagnosis of “unmasking” TB-associated IRIS:
Patient is not receiving treatment for TB when CART is initiated and then presents with active TB within 3 months of starting CART
And one of the following criteria must be met:
(1) Heightened intensity of clinical manifestations, particularly if there is evidence of a marked inflammatory component to the presentation. Examples include TB lymphadenitis or TB abscesses with prominent acute inflammatory features, presentation with pulmonary TB that is complicated by respiratory failure due to ARDS, and those who present with a marked systemic inflammatory distress syndrome related to TB
(2) Once established on TB treatment, a clinical course that is complicated by a paradoxical reaction
