Table 1: Outcome scores and physical examination data: visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Western Ontario rotator cuff index (WORC), the American shoulder and elbow surgeons standardized shoulder assessment form (ASES), simple shoulder test (SST), disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, short form 36 (SF-36), and shoulder range of motion (ROM) measurements.

Postinjury months (fracture repaired at 6 months after injury)   3 months after Injury 4 months after Injury Surgery 6 months after injury 12 months after injury Hardware removal 15 months after injury 20 months after injury 26 months after injury Active forward flexion 70° — 170° 170° — Winging Yes Yes No No No 10 cm VAS pain on typical day (best = 0) 3.9 6.1 0.3 0 0 ASES score (best = 100) 47.2 — 90.2 — — WORC score (best = 0 (100%)) — 1619 (23%) 570 (73%) 192 (91%) — Simple shoulder test† (best = 12 yes responses) — 3 8 11 12 DASH score (best = 0) — 77 17 2 4 Short form-36*               Physical functioning — 40.0 75.0 70.0 88.8 Role limitations due to physical health — 0.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 Role limitations due to emotional problems — 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Energy/fatigue — 75.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 Emotional wellbeing — 80.0 88.0 88.0 76.0 Social functioning — 50.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Pain — 22.5 67.5 67.5 90.0 General health — 70.0 80.0 85.0 85.0

†Number of yes responses/number of questions (“yes” responses correlate with better shoulder function than “no” responses). Twelve “yes” responses are possible. *All questions are scored from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest level of functioning possible. Aggregate scores are compiled as a percentage of the total points possible, using the RAND scoring table.