Journal Menu
ISRN Addiction
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 906276, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/906276
Research Article
What Aspect of Dependence Does the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Measure?
1Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
2Department of Psychology and Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
Received 28 September 2012; Accepted 15 October 2012
Academic Editors: A. Benvenuti, J. C. Chen, and G. Rubio
Copyright © 2013 Joseph R. DiFranza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- T. F. Heatherton, L. T. Kozlowski, R. C. Frecker, and K. O. Fagerstrom, “The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire,” British Journal of Addiction, vol. 86, no. 9, pp. 1119–1127, 1991. View at Scopus
- G. A. Contreras, J. O'Loughlin, D. Rodriguez, R. J. Wellman, and J. R. DiFranza, “Measures of nicotine dependence in adolescents: an update of the evidence 2000–2010,” Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 143–163, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Fagerstrom and T. Eissenberg, “Dependence on tobacco and nicotine products: a case for product-specific assessment,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1382–1390, 2012.
- J. R. Hughes, A. H. Oliveto, R. Riggs et al., “Concordance of different measures of nicotine dependence: two pilot studies,” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 1527–1539, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. C. Buckley, S. L. Mozley, D. R. Holohan, K. Walsh, J. C. Beckham, and J. D. Kassel, “A psychometric evaluation of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence in PTSD smokers,” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1029–1033, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. J. Molina, D. Fernández, M. Delgado, and V. Martín, “Sensitivity and specificity of a self-administered questionnaire of tobacco use; including the Fagerström test,” International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 181–189, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. J. Payne, P. O. Smith, L. M. McCracken, W. C. McSherry, and M. M. Antony, “Assessing nicotine dependence: A comparison of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire (FTQ) with the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) in a clinical sample,” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 307–317, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. A. Fidler, L. Shahab, and R. West, “Strength of urges to smoke as a measure of severity of cigarette dependence: comparison with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and its components,” Addiction, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 631–638, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. T. Moolchan, A. Radzius, D. H. Epstein et al., “The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule: do they diagnose the same smokers?” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 101–113, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Stavem, O. J. Røgeberg, J. A. Olsen, and J. Boe, “Properties of the cigarette dependence scale and the Fagerström test of nicotine dependence in a representative sample of smokers in Norway,” Addiction, vol. 103, no. 9, pp. 1441–1449, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Borland, H. H. Yong, R. J. O'Connor, A. Hyland, and M. E. Thompson, “The reliability and predictive validity of the heaviness of smoking index and its two components: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country study,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research, vol. 12, supplement 1, pp. S45–S50, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. O. Chaiton, J. E. Cohen, P. W. McDonald, and S. J. Bondy, “The Heaviness of Smoking Index as a predictor of smoking cessation in Canada,” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1031–1042, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. S. Courvoisier and J. F. Etter, “Comparing the predictive validity of five cigarette dependence questionnaires,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 107, no. 2-3, pp. 128–133, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza, J. A. Savageau, and R. J. Wellman, “A comparison of the Autonomy over Tobacco Scale and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence,” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 856–861, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza, R. J. Wellman, W. W. S. A. Ursprung, and C. Sabiston, “The autonomy over smoking scale,” Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 656–665, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. Difranza, P. Morello, and B. Gershenson, “The retest reliability of nicotine dependence measures,” Addiction Research and Theory, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 55–63, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza, M. Sweet, J. A. Savageau, and W. W. S. Ursprung, “The assessment of tobacco dependence in young users of smokeless tobacco,” Tobacco Control, vol. 21, pp. 471–476, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza and W. W. S. A. Ursprung, “The latency to the onset of nicotine withdrawal: a test of the sensitization-homeostasis theory,” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1148–1153, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. W. S. A. Fernando, R. J. Wellman, and J. R. DiFranza, “The relationship between level of cigarette consumption and latency to the onset of retrospectively reported withdrawal symptoms,” Psychopharmacology, vol. 188, no. 3, pp. 335–342, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza, M. Sweet, J. Savageau, and W. W. S. Ursprung, “An evaluation of a clinical approach to staging tobacco addiction,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 159, no. 6, pp. 999–1003e1, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza, W. W. S. Ursprung, and A. Carson, “New insights into the compulsion to use tobacco from an adolescent case-series,” Journal of Adolescence, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 209–214, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza, R. J. Wellman, R. Mermelstein et al., “The natural history and diagnosis of nicotine addiction,” Current Pediatric Reviews, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 88–96, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. DiFranza, R. J. Wellman, and J. A. Savageau, “Does progression through the stages of physical addiction indicate increasing overall addiction to tobacco?” Psychopharmacology, vol. 219, pp. 815–822, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. W. Sanouri Ursprung, J. A. Savageau, and J. R. Difranza, “What is the significance of experiencing relaxation in response to the first use of nicotine,” Addiction Research and Theory, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 14–21, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. Difranza, W. W. S. Ursprung, and L. Biller, “The developmental sequence of tobacco withdrawal symptoms of wanting, craving and needing,” Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 494–497, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- X. L. Meng, R. Rosenthal, and D. B. Rubin, “Comparing correlated correlation coefficients,” Psychological Bulletin, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 172–175, 1992. View at Scopus
- M. E. Piper, D. E. McCarthy, and T. B. Baker, “Assessing tobacco dependence: a guide to measure evaluation and selection,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 339–351, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. W. S. A. Ursprung, P. Morello, B. Gershenson, and J. R. DiFranza, “Development of a measure of the latency to needing a cigarette,” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 338–343, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. Baker, M. Piper, D. McCarthy et al., “Time to first cigarette in the morning as an index of ability to quit smoking: implications for nicotine dependence,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research, vol. 9, supplement 4, pp. 555–570, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. D. Gosling, S. Vazire, S. Srivastava, and O. P. John, “Should we trust web-based studies?: a comparative analysis of six preconceptions about internet questionnaires,” American Psychologist, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 93–104, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- U. D. Reips, “Standards for Internet-based experimenting,” Experimental Psychology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 243–256, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. E. Ramo, S. M. Hall, and J. J. Prochaska, “Reliability and validity of self-reported smoking in an anonymous online survey with young adults,” Health Psychology, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 693–701, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. E. Piper, D. E. McCarthy, D. M. Bolt et al., “Assessing dimensions of nicotine dependence: an evaluation of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM),” Nicotine and Tobacco Research, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1009–1020, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Shiffman and M. A. Sayette, “Validation of the nicotine dependence syndrome scale (NDSS): a criterion-group design contrasting chippers and regular smokers,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 45–52, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus