Table 2: Cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in the respiratory epithelium and submucosa.

Cytokines and receptors Atopic asthma Nonatopic asthma Th1 γ IFN (sputum) ++ ++ [39] IL-2 (BAL fluid) + ++ [38] IL-2R+ + + [38] Th2 IL-4 ++ +/− ++ [8] IL-4α receptor ++ ++ [8] IL-5 ++ +/− ++ [8] IL-5α receptor ++ ++ [8] IL-10 (sputum) ++ + [40] IL-13 ++ ++ [37] GMCSF ++ ++ [37, 39] Th1 & Th2 IL3 ++ ++ [37] Macrophage GMCSFR-α + +++ [22]