Table 3: Studied patients’ and controls’ characteristics.

Patients Controls Number 16 30   Males 11 12   Mean age 71 (6) 72 (5) Ns Diabetes mellitus 3 5 Ns Hypertension 8 12 Ns Coronary heart disease 5 9 Ns Heart failure 1 2 Ns Renal failure 1 3 Ns Atrial fibrillation 2 4 Ns Stroke/TIA 4 5 Ns CODP 2 4 Ns Neoplasia 1 2 Ns LDL-cholesterol mg/dl 112 131 Ns ACEi/ARB 14 21 0.04 β blockers 6 12 Ns CC blockers 5 11 Ns Diuretics 4 11 Ns α blockers 2 4 Ns OH 5 (31%) 3 (10%) <0.01 no. episodes of syncope 43 5 <0.01 no. episodes of presyncope 102 11 <0.01 Syncope and presyncope/ year from PM implant 1.3 0.16 <0.01 Injury 12 1 <0.01