Table 2: Histopathological and cellular markers of AD and aging found in SAMP8.

Target Modification References Tau protein Increased levels and phosphorylation [22, 55, 56] Tau kinases Increased levels or activity in Cdk5/p25 and GSK3 [22, 58, 59] Receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) Increased [75] APP protein Increased [63–65, 80, 85, 86] B-amyloid Amyloid content increased and aggregates [26, 61, 62, 69, 70, 74, 87] Secretases ADAM-10 and PS1 [65, 80, 88] BBH Disrupted [72, 73, 89]