Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Category</td><td align="left">Remediation technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Isolation</td><td align="left">(i) Capping (ii) subsurface barriers.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Immobilization</td><td align="left">(i) Solidification/stabilization (ii) vitrification (iii) chemical treatment.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Toxicity and/or mobility reduction</td><td align="left">(i) Chemical treatment (ii) permeable treatment walls (iii) biological treatment bioaccumulation, phytoremediation (phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and rhizofiltration), bioleaching, biochemical processes.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Physical separation</td><td align="left"></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Extraction</td><td align="left">(i) Soil washing, pyrometallurgical extraction, in situ soil flushing, and electrokinetic treatment.</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Technologies for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.

International Scholarly Research Notices

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Table 3

Table 3: Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation 