Table 2: Epidemiological studies comparing glargine and human insulin with respect to the incidence of cancer.

Study [Ref] Design Comparator insulin Main results Hemkens et al., 2009 [35] Cohort Any human Increased risk after adjusting for doses Colhoun, 2009 [40] Cohort Any human No effect on overall cancer; increased risk of breast cancer Jonasson et al., 2009 [45] Cohort Any human No effect on overall cancer; increased risk of breast cancer Currie et al., 2009 [34] Cohort NPH No effect Mannucci et al., 2010 [90] Case-control NPH No overall effect; increased overall risk for high doses (>0.3 U/kg*day) Ljung et al., 2011 [91] Cohort Any human No effect (new short-term cohort) Chang et al., 2011 [92] Cohort NPH No effect on overall cancer; increased risk of prostate and pancreas cancer, but not of breast cancer Morden et al., 2011 [93] Cohort Any human No effect on overall cancer; increased risk of breast (but not prostate) cancer at high doses (upper quartile) Ruiter et al., 2012 [95] Cohort Any human Reduced risk of overall cancer; dose-dependent increase in the risk of breast and prostate cancer Suissa et al., 2011 [96] Cohort Any human Increased risk of breast cancer for long-term (>5 years) use Lind et al., 2012 [97] Cohort Any human Increased risk of breast cancer, dose-dependent; nonsignificant trend for prostate cancer Van Staa et al., 2012 [39] Cohort NPH No effect Blin et al., 2012 [94] Cohort Human insulin No effect