Clinical Study
Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing in Children with Otitis Media
Table 2
Crude and adjusted odds ratio for prescribing antibiotics.
| | Variable | Meaning | | OR (CI) | values | Adjusted OR* | Adjusted values |
| | Children 0–≤2 years () |
| | Gender | Boys | 236 | 1 | | 1 | | | Girls | 205 | 1.46 (1.00–2.14) | 0.05 | 1.27 (0.82–1.97) | 0.28 | | Symptoms | | | | | | | | Fever (+ earache) | No fever | 68 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 | | Fever (>38, 5°C) | 81 | 5.25 (2.60–10.58) | 5.89 (2.62–13.21) | | Fever (no earache) | No | 162 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 | | Yes | 130 | 10.71 (6.12–18.75) | 8.13 (4.61–14.32) | | Earache (+ Fever) | No | 130 | 1 | 0.31 | 1 | 0.29 | | Yes | 81 | 1.37 (0.75–2.52) | 1.43 (0.74–2.79) | | Earache (no fever) | No | 162 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | 0.02 | | Yes | 68 | 2.80 (1.45–5.41) | 2.32 (1.18–4.56) | | Sleep problems | No | 115 | 1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.42 | | Yes | 326 | 1.29 (0.84–1.99) | 1.25 (0.73–2.13) | | Ear rubbing | No | 211 | 1 | 0.20 | 1 | 0.48 | | Yes | 230 | 0.78 (0.54–1.14) | 0.80 (0.44–1.47) | | Medical examination | | | | | | | | Tympanometry | No Type B | 58 | 1 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.10 | | Type B | 377 | 2.07 (1.13–3.77) | 1.92 (0.89–4.13) | | Otoscopy | No RTM | 151 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 | | Red tym. mem. | 288 | 7.06 (4.33–11.50) | 4.73 (2.52– 8.86) |
| | Children >2–7 years () |
| | Gender | Boys | 251 | 1 | 0.15 | 1 | 0.25 | | Girls | 227 | 0.76 (0.53–1.10) | 0.77 (0.49–1.21) | | Symptoms | | | | | | | | Fever (+ earache) | No fever | 210 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 | | Fever (>38,5°C) | 113 | 4.27 (2.61–6.98) | 4.59 (2.55–8.25) | | Fever (no earache) | No | 104 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 | | Yes | 49 | 21.88 (8.39–57.05) | 19.45 (6.38–59.24) | | Earache (+ fever) | No | 49 | 1 | 0.28 | 1 | 0.62 | | Yes | 113 | 1.47 (0.73–2.96) | 1.26 (0.51–3.12) | | Earache (no fever) | No | 104 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 | | Yes | 210 | 7.54 (3.33–17.08) | 3.62 (1.50–8.75) | | Sleep problems | No | 245 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | 0.41 | | Yes | 231 | 1.88 (1.29–2.72) | 1.21 (0.76–1.93) | | Ear rubbing | No | 270 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | 0.93 | | Yes | 206 | 1.58 (1.09–2.28) | 1.02 (0.62–1.70) | | | Medical examination | | | | | | | | Tympanometry | No Type B | 97 | 1 | 0.00 | 1 | <0.02 | | Type B | 373 | 2.12 (1.30–3.64) | 2.42 (1.17–5.00) | | Otoscopy | No RTM | 184 | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 | | Red tym. mem. | 293 | 5.36 (3.44–8.32) | 3.76 (2.13–6.64) |
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The ORs are adjusted for GPs, gender and age and for all variables included in the table.
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