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| Author | Theme | Description |
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| Jordan (1996) [34] | Resoluteness | Resilience in the face of challenge; remaining steadfast to educational goal despite overwhelming trials |
| Sanner et al. (2002) [23] | Persistence despite perceived obstacles | Placed the burden on selves to make the necessary adjustments as they attempted to assimilate |
| Frances et al. (2004) [32] | “…you just got to maintain” | The participants persevered in spite of feeling isolated and discounted by others |
| Mills-Wisneski (2005) [33] | Persistence and self-motivation | Absence of minority faculty served as a catalyst and motivating factor to succeed in nursing program |
| Gardner (2005b) [24] | Determination overcome obstacles | Success is necessary to build a better future; Desire to overcome despite many obstacles |
| Amaro et al. (2006) [22] | Self-motivation and determination | Participants determined to complete their courses; strength was demonstrating self-motivation and determination |
| Rivera-Goba and Nieto (2007) [25] | Perseverance | In spite of many roadblocks, perseverance was the driving force to succeed; had an overall desire to succeed |
| Bond et al. (2008) [20] | Personal determination | Showed a personal determination to succeed and a desire to give back to other Hispanic students still “in the pipeline” |
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