Copyright © 2012 Luciana M. Gutiyama et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. T. Sjöblom, S. Jones, L. D. Wood et al., “The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers,” Science, vol. 314, no. 5797, pp. 268–274, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
2. S. Jones, X. Zhang, D. W. Parsons et al., “Core signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancers revealed by global genomic analyses,” Science, vol. 321, no. 5897, pp. 1801–1806, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
3. D. W. Parsons, S. Jones, X. Zhang et al., “An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme,” Science, vol. 321, no. 5897, pp. 1807–1812, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. L. D. Wood, D. W. Parsons, S. Jones, et al., “The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers,” Science, vol. 318, no. 5853, pp. 1108–1113, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
5. R. J. Leary, J. C. Lin, J. Cummins et al., “Integrated analysis of homozygous deletions, focal amplifications, and sequence alterations in breast and colorectal cancers,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 105, no. 42, pp. 16224–16229, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
6. R. F. Service, “The race for the $1000 genome,” Science, vol. 311, no. 5767, pp. 1544–1546, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. P. A. Futreal, L. Coin, M. Marshall et al., “A census of human cancer genes,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 177–183, 2004. View at Scopus
8. S. A. Forbes, G. Bhamra, S. Bamford et al., “The catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer (COSMIC),” Current Protocols in Human Genetics, no. 57, pp. 10.11.1–10.11.26, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. L. Ding, T. J. Ley, D. E. Larson, et al., “Clonal Evolution in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by whole-genome sequencing,” Letter Nature, vol. 481, pp. 506–510, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
10. R. W. McKenna, “Multifaceted approach to the diagnosis and classification of acute leukemias,” Clinical Chemistry, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 1252–1259, 2000. View at Scopus
11. M. J. Cline, “Mechanisms of disease: the molecular basis of leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 330, no. 5, pp. 328–336, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. A. Jemal, A. Thomas, T. Murray, and M. Thun, “Cancer statistics, 2002,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 23–47, 2002. View at Scopus
13. Brasil Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), and Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância de Câncer, Estimativas, Incidência de câncer no Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2008.
14. B. Deschler and M. Lübbert, “Acute myeloid leukemia: epidemiology and etiology,” Cancer, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 2099–2107, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. T. Enver and M. F. Greaves, “Loops, Lineage, and Leukemia,” Cell, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 9–12, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
16. J. W. Vardiman, J. Thiele, D. A. Arber et al., “The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes,” Blood, vol. 114, no. 5, pp. 937–951, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. Y. Hayashi, “The molecular genetics of recurring chromosome abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia,” Seminars in Hematology, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 368–380, 2000. View at Scopus
18. H. Döhner, E. H. Estey, S. Amadori et al., “Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in adults: recommendations from an international expert panel, on behalf of the European Leukemia Net,” Blood, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 453–474, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
19. L. Foroni and S. M. Hart, “Core binding factor genes and human leukemia,” Haematologica, vol. 87, no. 12, pp. 1307–1323, 2002. View at Scopus
20. P. J. M. Valk, R. G. W. Verhaak, M. A. Beijen et al., “Prognostically useful gene-expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 350, no. 16, pp. 1617–1628, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
21. D. Grimwade, A. Biondi, M. J. Mozziconacci et al., “Characterization of acute promyelocytic leukemia cases lacking the classic t(15;17): results of the European Working Party,” Blood, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 1297–1308, 2000. View at Scopus
22. M. S. Tallman, C. Nabhan, J. H. Feusner, and J. M. Rowe, “Acute promyelocytic leukemia: evolving therapeutic strategies,” Blood, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 759–767, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
23. M. Bienz, M. Ludwig, E. Oppliger et al., “Risk assessment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and a normal karyotype,” Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1416–1425, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. S. H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N. L. Harris, et al., World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, IARC Press, Lyon, France, 4th edition, 2008.
25. J. P. Patel, M. Gönen, M. E. Figueroa, et al., “Prognostic relevance of integrated genetic profiling in acute myeloid leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 366, no. 12, pp. 1079–1089, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
26. P. D. Kottaridis, R. E. Gale, and D. C. Linch, “FLT3 mutations and leukaemia,” British Journal of Haematology, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 523–538, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
27. C. Reindl, K. Bagrintseva, S. Vempati et al., “Point mutations in the juxtamembrane domain of FLT3 define a new class of activating mutations in AML,” Blood, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 3700–3707, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
28. C. Nerlov, “C/EBPα mutations in acute myeloid leukaemias,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 394–400, 2004. View at Scopus
29. T. Pabst, M. Eyholzer, J. Fos, and B. U. Mueller, “Heterogeneity within AML with CEBPA mutations; only CEBPA double mutations, but not single CEBPA mutations are associated with favourable prognosis,” British Journal of Cancer, vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 1343–1346, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
30. R. F. Schlenk, K. Döhner, J. Krauter et al., “Mutations and treatment outcome in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 358, no. 18, pp. 1909–1918, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
31. S. Grisendi, C. Mecucci, B. Falini, and P. P. Pandolfi, “Nucleophosmin and cancer,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 493–505, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
32. C. C. Smith, Q. Wang, C. S. Chin et al., “Validation of ITD mutations in FLT3 as a therapeutic target in human acute myeloid leukaemia,” Nature, vol. 485, no. 7397, pp. 260–263, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
33. X. J. Yan, J. Xu, Z. H. Gu et al., “Exome sequencing identifies somatic mutations of DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3A in acute monocytic leukemia,” Nature Genetics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 309–315, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
34. G. Marcucci, M. D. Radmacher, K. Mrózek, and C. D. Bloomfield, “MicroRNA expression in acute myeloid leukemia,” Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 83–88, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
35. V. Havelange, N. Stauffer, C. C. E. Heaphy et al., “Functional implications of microRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia by integrating microRNA and messenger RNA expression profiling,” Cancer, vol. 117, no. 20, pp. 4696–4706, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. L. A. Godley, “Profiles in leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 366, pp. 1152–1153, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
37. M. Cazzola, L. Malcovati, and R. Invernizzi, “Myelodisplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms,” American Society of Hematology Education Program, vol. 2011, pp. 264–272, 2011.
38. A. Tefferi and J. W. Vardiman, “Myelodysplastic syndromes,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 361, no. 19, pp. 1826–1885, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
39. J. A. Vergilio and A. Bagg, “Myelodysplastic syndromes. Contemporary biologic concepts and emerging diagnostic approaches,” American Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 119, pp. S58–77, 2003. View at Scopus
40. J. Rocquain, N. Carbuccia, V. Trouplin et al., “Combined mutations of ASXL1, CBL, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, RUNX1, TET2 and WT1 genes in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias,” BMC Cancer, vol. 10, article 401, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
41. M. Brecqueville, J. Rey, F. Bertucci, E. Coppin, P. Finetti, and N. Carbuccia, “Mutation analysis of ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, MPL, NF1, SF3B1, SUZ12, and TET2 in myeloproliferative neoplasms,” Genes Chromosomes Cancer, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 743–755, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
42. R. Bejar, K. Stevenson, O. Abdel-Wahab et al., “Clinical effect of point mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 364, no. 26, pp. 2496–2506, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
43. F. Delhommeau, S. Dupont, V. Della Valle et al., “Mutation in TET2 in myeloid cancers,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 360, no. 22, pp. 2289–2301, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
44. S. M. C. Langemeijer, J. H. Jansen, J. Hooijer et al., “TET2 mutations in childhood leukemia,” Leukemia, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 189–192, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
45. N. C. Cross, “Genetic and epigenetic complexity in myeloproliferative neoplasms,” American Society of Hematology Education Program, vol. 2011, pp. 208–214, 2011.
46. E. Papaemmanuil, M. Cazzola, J. Boultwood, L. Malcovati, P. Vyas, et al., “Somatic SF3B1 mutation in Myelodysplasia with Ring Sideroblasts,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 365, no. 15, pp. 1384–1395, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
47. R. Itzykson, O. Kosmider, T. Cluzeau et al., “Impact of TET2 mutations on response rate to azacitidine in myelodysplastic syndromes and low blast count acute myeloid leukemias,” Leukemia, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1147–1152, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
48. J. D. Milosevic, A. Puda, L. Malcovati, et al., “Clinical significance of genetic aberrations in secondary acute myeloid leucemia,” American Journal of Hematology. In press. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
49. A. H. Shih, O. Abdel-Wahab, J. P. Patel, and R. L. Levine, “The role of mutations in epigenetic regulators in myeloid malignancies,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 599–612, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
50. K. Yoshida, M. Sanada, Y. Shiraishi, et al., “Frequent pathway mutations of splicing machinery in myelodysplasia,” Nature, vol. 478, no. 7367, pp. 64–69, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
51. S. J. Zhang, R. Rampal, T. Manshouri, et al., “Genetic analysis of patients with leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms shows recurrent SRSF2 mutations that are associated with adverse outcome,” Blood, vol. 119, no. 19, pp. 4480–4485, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
52. S. Schnittger, U. Bacher, T. Alpermann et al., “Use of CBL exon 8 and 9 mutations in diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms and myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorders: an analysis of 636 cases,” Haematologica. In press.
53. C. Thiede, “Impact of mutational analysis in acute myeloid leukemia,” Hematology Education, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 33–40, 2012.
54. L. Cimmino, O. Abdel-Wahab, R. L. Levine, and I. Aifantis, “TET family proteins and their role in stem cell differentiation and transformation,” Cell Stem Cell, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 193–204, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
55. P. Guglielmelli, F. Biamonte, J. Score, et al., “EZH2 mutational status predicts poor survival in myelofibrosis,” Blood, vol. 118, no. 19, pp. 5227–5234, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
56. J. Boultwood, J. Perry, A. Pellagatti et al., “Frequent mutation of the polycomb-associated gene ASXL1 in the myelodysplastic syndromes and in acute myeloid leukemia,” Leukemia, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1062–1065, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
57. V. Gelsi-Boyer, V. Trouplin, J. Adélaïde et al., “Mutations of polycomb-associated gene ASXL1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia,” British Journal of Haematology, vol. 145, no. 6, pp. 788–800, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
58. H. Makishima, A. M. Jankowska, R. V. Tiu et al., “Novel homo- and hemizygous mutations in EZH2 in myeloid malignancies,” Leukemia, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1799–1804, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
59. J. K. Mangan and N. A. Speck, “RUNX1 mutations in clonal myeloid disorders: from conventional cytogenetics to next generation sequencing, a story 40 years in the making,” Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis, vol. 16, pp. 177–291, 2011.