| Study | Year | Location | Ethnicity | Time | No. Pts | No. DDH | Incid. | > Graf IIa | Incid. > Graf IIa |
| At birth—2 weeks | | | | | | | | | | Eidelman et al. [157] | 2002 | Ethiopia | Black Jews | Birth | 768 | 19 | 24.7 | 10 | 13.0 | Poul et al. [208] | 1998 | London, England | Black | Birth | 185 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | Chang et al. [73] | 2007 | Taiwan | Indo-Malay (Chinese) | | | | | | | Danielsson [64] | 2000 | Malmö, Sweden | Indo-Med. (Iraqi/Iranian) | | 1604 | 7 | 4.4 | | | Danielsson [64] | 2000 | Malmö, Sweden | Caucasian | Birth | 15189 | 115 | 7.6 | | | Treiber et al. [209] | 2008 | Maribor, Slovenia | Caucasian | Birth | 17393 | 324 | 18.6 | 369 | 21.2 | Vencálková and Janata [136] | 2009 | Liberec, Czech Republic | Caucasian | Birth | 16678 | | | 212 | 12.7 | Rosendahl et al. [210] | 1996 | Bergen, Norway | Caucasian | Birth | 3613 | 1613 | 446.4 | 123 | 34.0 | Bache et al. [211] | 2002 | Coventry, England | Caucasian | Birth | 29323 | 3866 | 131.8 | 2340 | 79.8 | Szöke et al. [212] | 1988 | Cologne, Germany | Caucasian | Birth | 1000 | 524 | 524.0 | 40 | 40.0 | Tönnis et al. [213] | 1990 | Dortmund, Germany | Caucasian | Birth | 2587 | 1877 | 725.6 | 137 | 53.0 | Rühmann et al. [214] | 1998 | Hanover, Germany | Caucasian | Birth | 6617 | 436 | 65.9 | 217 | 32.8 | Parten- heimer et al. [215] | 2006 | Greifswald, Germany | Caucasian | 4–10 days | 2256 | | | 110 | 48.8 | Exner [216] | 1988 | Zurich, Switzerland | Caucasian | Birth | 615 | 521 | 847.2 | 28 | 45.5 | Peled et al. [217] | 2008 | Haifa, Israel | Caucasian | Birth | 45497 | | | 2137 | 47.0 | Giannako- poulou et al. [124] | 2002 | Crete | Caucasian | 2 wks | 6140 | 65 | 10.6 | 50 | 8.1 | Ballerini et al. [218] | 1990 | Milan, Italy | Caucasian | Birth | 2842 | 778 | 273.8 | 57 | 20.1 | Riboni et al. [219] | 1991 | Milan, Italy | Caucasian | Birth | 1507 | 508 | 337.1 | 15 | 10.0 | Franchin et al. [220] | 1992 | Bari, Italy | Caucasian | Birth | 3000 | 959 | 319.7 | 309 | 103.0 | Baronciani et al. [20] | 1997 | Lecco, Italy | Caucasian | Birth | 4648 | 1186 | 255.2 | 267 | 57.4 | Riboni et al. [221] | 2003 | Milan, Italy | Caucasian | Birth | 8896 | 2008 | 225.7 | 34 | 3.8 | Yiv et al. [143] | 1997 | South Australia | Caucasian | | 19622 | 206 | 10.5 | | | Weighted average (Caucasians) | | | | | 187423 | 14986 | 80.0 | 6445 | 42.2 | At 4 to 6 weeks | | | | | | | | | | Eidelman et al. [157] | 2002 | Ethiopia | Black Jews | 6 wks | 768 | 3 | 3.9 | 3 | 3.9 | Doğruel et al. [60] | 2008 | Ankara, Turkey | Indo-Med (Turkish) | 6 wks | 3541 | 167 | 47.2 | 208 | 58.7 | Bache et al. [211] | 2002 | Coventry, England | Caucasian | 6 wks | 29323 | 92 | 3.1 | | | Roovers et al. [222] | 2005 | Enschede, Netherlands | Caucasian | 4 wks | 4473 | 1697 | 379.4 | 132 | 29.5 | Weighted average (Caucasians) | | | | | 33796 | 1789 | 52.9 | 132 | 29.5 | At 4 to 6 Months | | | | | | | | | | Krolo et al. [129] | 1989–2001 | Zagreb, Croatia | Caucasian | 4 months | 2010 | 120 | 59.7 | 15 | 7.5 | Akman et al. [223] | 2007 | Ankara, Turkey | | 6 months | 403 | | | 14 | 34.7 |
|
|