Associations of the Burden of Coal Abandoned Mine Lands with Three Dimensions of Community Context in Pennsylvania
Table 1
AML variables, dimensions of community context, and covariates across AML and non-AML communities.
Variable
AML communities ()
Non-AML communities ()
433 communities with no reclaimed features
510 communities with at least one reclaimed feature
340 communities without unreclaimed or reclaimed features
n
Mean
Standard deviation
Range
n
Mean
Standard deviation
Range
n
Mean
Standard deviation
Range
Density of mine areas (mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
433
113.62
161.56
(0.02, 1000)
510
215.17
199.95
(0.05, 1026)
—
—
—
—
Density of P1a areas (mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
433
0.02
0.21
(0, 2.70)
510
0.11
0.58
(0, 7.14)
—
—
—
—
Density of P2b areas (mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
433
0.70
1.90
(0, 16.67)
510
1.66
2.99
(0, 36.84)
—
—
—
—
Density of P3c areas (mi2 × 1000 per mi2)
433
1.09
2.10
(0, 12.12)
510
1.73
2.76
(0, 26.09)
—
—
—
—
Density of AQd features (z-score)
433
1.35
(−0.89, 22.60)
510
0.49
2.63
(−0.89, 37.71)
—
—
—
—
Density of PHe features (z-score)
433
−0.61
1.42
(−1.19, 10.42)
510
0.52
2.90
(−1.19, 34.10)
—
—
—
—
Density of TCf features (z-score)
433
−0.48
1.78
(−1.18, 24.46)
510
0.40
2.46
(−1.18, 20.16)
—
—
—
—
Clustering group 4 (continuous)
433
−1.95
4.33
(−28.91, 0.00)
510
−5.81
6.46
(−40.92, 0.00)
—
—
–
–
Accessibility (z-score)
433
3.19
5.16
(−35.48, 8.86)
510
2.93
(−13.35, 9.31)
340
−12.64
10.15
(−51.32, 4.54)
Diversity (count)
433
2.71
2.28
(0, 11.00)
510
6.88
3.38
(0, 12.00)
340
0.49
0.50
(0, 1)
Density of streams (miles per mi2)
333
1.24
1.28
(0.00, 7.81)
436
0.89
0.75
(0.00, 4.94)
168
0.74
1.14
(0.00, 10.73)
Socioeconomic deprivation (z-score)
433
0.37
5.03
(−9.88, 29.98)
510
0.29
3.70
(−6.60, 22.81)
340
−0.91
0.45
(−8.36, 19.75)
Social disorganization (z-score)
433
0.37
3.42
(−8.63, 16.19)
510
−0.57
2.63
(−5.50, 15.65)
340
0.38
3.31
(−7.28, 14.24)
Physical disorder (ordinal)
433
0.57
0.64
(0, 2.00)
510
0.57
0.64
(0, 2.00)
340
0.63
0.65
(0, 2.00)
Median age (years)
433
39.97
4.43
(17, 65.10)
510
40.18
3.87
(19.80, 59.00)
340
39.34
4.43
(21.80, 62.40)
Proportion male
433
0.486
0.03
(0.32, 0.80)
510
0.491
0.04
(0.38, 0.89)
340
0.491
0.03
(0.41, 0.69)
Proportion non-white
433
0.07
0.16
(0, 0.99)
510
0.04
0.09
(0, 0.97)
340
0.06
0.15
(0, 0.94)
Proportion Hispanic
433
0.007
0.01
(0, 0.14)
510
0.007
0.01
(0, 17.70)
340
0.008
0.01
(0, 0.15)
Proportion urban
433
0.48
0.48
(0, 1.00)
510
0.35
0.44
(0, 1.00)
340
0.28
0.42
(0, 1.00)
Median household income ($)
433
34242
11958
(8955, 147298)
510
33237
7332
(7417, 85817)
340
36646
10285
(10101, 115672)
Proportion mining occupation
433
0.008
0.02
(0, 0.11)
510
0.012
0.02
(0, 0.097)
340
0.006
0.01
(0, 0.14)
Density of active mines (mines per mi2)
433
0.12
0.62
(0, 8.70)
510
0.30
0.57
(0, 6.45)
340
0.00
0.004
(0, 0.05)
Population density (people per mi2)
433
2225
3112
(0.69, 24661)
510
1420
2416
(0.47, 14150)
340
1428
2872
(2.04, 18100)
Land area (mi2)
433
12.81
21.27
(0.06, 157.15)
510
20.23
20.38
(0.09, 148.65)
340
15.69
16.80
(0.05, 88.04)
= priority 1 areas (see text for definition), = priority 2 areas, = priority 3 areas, = aesthetic quality, = physical hazards, = toxic contamination, indicates statistically significantly different from means of one or two other groups ( value at least <0.05), indicates means of all three groups statistically significantly differ from each other ( value at least <0.05).