Table 1: The pharmacological effects of Pimpinella anisum.

System Effect Preparation Reference Organism Antibacterial Aqueous and 50% (v/v) methanol extract [18] Ethanol extract [8, 19] Essential oil and methanol extract (in combination with Thymus ) [20] Aqueous decoction [21] Antifungal Essential oil [3, 22] Fluid extract [23] Methanol extract [24] Insecticidal Essential oil [25–29] -Anisaldehyde from aniseed oil [29] Antiviral Essential oil [30] Lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from hot water extract [31] Muscle Muscle relaxant of tracheal chain Aqueous extract [32] Ethanolic extract [32] Essential oil Antispasmodic and relaxant of anococcygeus smooth muscle Hydroalcoholic extract (60% ethanol) [33] Essential oil [34] Anticonvulsant Methanol extract of seeds [35] Aqueous extract of leaves and stem [36] nervous system extract [37] Analgesic Essential oil [38] Fixed oil [39] Conditioned place aversion in morphine dependence Essential oil [40] Antiulcer Aqueous suspension [41] Palliation of nausea Essential oils of aniseeds, foeniculum vulgar, Anthemis nobilis, and Mentha piperita [42] Gastrointestinal Laxative Phytotherapic compound of anise and foeniculum vulgar, Sambucus nigra, Cassia angustifolia [43] Increase glucose absorption from the jejunum Essential oil [44] Renal reduce volume of urine by increase activity of the renal Na+-K+-ATPase Essential oil [44] Endocrine Antidiabetic Seed powder [45, 46] Hypolipidemic Immune system Antioxidant Ethanol extract [8, 45, 47] Water extract [8, 47] Essential oil [48] Oleoresin [48] Ethyl acetate fraction ofethanol extract [49] Anise tea [50] Increase of -carotene, vitamins A, C Seed powder [46] Reduction of menopausal hot flashes Capsules of anise extract [51] Others Growth promoter of day-old broilers Essential oil [52] Reduction of pain in dysmenorrhea Herbal capsule (extracts of anise, celery, saffron) [53]