About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents 
ISRN Pharmacology
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 789651, 7 pages
doi:10.5402/2012/789651
Research Article

Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Toxicities of the Water Extract from Ziziphus attopensis Pierre

Seewaboon Sireeratawong,1 Supaporn Vannasiri,2 Urarat Nanna,1 Tipaya Singhalak,3 and Kanjana Jaijoy4

1Division of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
2Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
4Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

Received 26 November 2011; Accepted 19 December 2011

Academic Editors: H. Cerecetto and A. Pittaluga

Copyright © 2012 Seewaboon Sireeratawong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

  1. B. Wahida, B. Abderrahman, and C. Nabil, “Antiulcerogenic activity of Zizyphus lotus (L.) extracts,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 228–231, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
  2. C.-F. Hung, B.-Y. Hsu, S.-C. Chang, and B.-H. Chen, “Antiproliferation of melanoma cells by polysaccharide isolated from Zizyphus jujuba,” Nutrition, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 98–105, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
  3. P. Panseeta, K. Lomchoey, S. Prabpai et al., “Antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial cyclopeptide alkaloids from the root of Ziziphus mauritiana,” Phytochemistry, vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 909–915, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
  4. OECD, “Test guideline 425. Acute oral toxicity—Up-and-Down-Procedure (UDP),” in OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemical, Section 4-Health Effects, Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France, 2001.
  5. WHO, General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.
  6. OECD, “Test guideline 452. Chronic toxicity studies,” in OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemical, Section 4-Health Effects, Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France, 1981.
  7. G. L. Kennedy, R. L. Ferenz, and B. A. Burgess, “Estimation of acute oral toxicity in rats by determination of the approximate lethal dose rather than the LD50,” Journal of Applied Toxicology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 145–148, 1986. View at Scopus
  8. A. A. Adeneye, O. P. Ajagbonna, T. I. Adeleke, and S. O. Bello, “Preliminary toxicity and phytochemical studies of the stem bark aqueous extract of Musanga cecropioides in rats,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 374–379, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
  9. L. V. Gregg, “Anemias and polychythenias,” in Hematology Techniques and Concepts for Veterinary Technicians, pp. 95–101, Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA, 2000.
  10. J. W. Williams, D. A. Nelson, and M. W. Morris, “Examination of the blood,” in Hematology International, J. W. William, Ed., pp. 9–24, McGraw–Hill, New York, NY, USA, 4th edition, 1990.
  11. B. S. Levine, “Animal clinical pathology,” in CRC Handbook of Toxicology, M. J. Derelanko and M. A. Hollinger, Eds., pp. 742–768, CRC Press, New York, NY, USA, 2nd edition, 2002.
  12. B. V. Feldman, J. G. Zinkl, and N. C. Jain, Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, Lea Febiger, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 5th edition, 2000.
  13. P. Inala, A. Sirimontaporn, R. Inpunkaew, et al., “Hematological analysis of outbred Sprague-Dawley rat in the Facility of National Laboratory Animal Centre,” in Proceedings of the 28th Congress on science and technology of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand, 2002.
  14. L.Y. Young and E. G. Holland, The Clinical Use of Drugs: Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 6th edition, 1995.
  15. J. D. Caisey and D. J. King, “Clinical chemical values for some common laboratory animals,” Clinical Chemistry, vol. 26, no. 13, pp. 1877–1879, 1980. View at Scopus
  16. R. A. Sacher and R. A. McPherson, “General chemistry,” in Widmann’s Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Test, pp. 318–365, F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 10th edition, 1991.
  17. R. A. Sacher and R. A. McPherson, “Test of liver function,” in Widmann’s Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Test, pp. 416–443, F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 10th edition, 1991.
  18. W. Angkhasirisap, P. Inala, A. Sirimontaporn, et al., “Blood chemistry profiles of outbred Sprague-Dawley rat in the Facility of National Laboratory Animal Centre,” in Proceedings of the 28th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand, 2002.
  19. E. O. Orish, O. J. Johnson, M. A. Chude, E. Obi, and C. E. Dioka, “Sub-chronic toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of Boerhavia diffusa leaves,” Journal of Health Science, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 444–447, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  20. P. Witthawaskul, A. Panthong, D. Kanjanapothi, T. Taesothikul, and N. Lertprasertsuke, “Acute and subacute toxicities of the saponin mixture isolated from Schefflera leucantha Viguier,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 115–121, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  21. F. E. Solomon, A. C. Sharada, and P. U. Devi, “Toxic effects of crude root extract of Plumbago rosea (Rakta chitraka) on mice and rats,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 79–84, 1993.