|
| Generic | Half-life | Excretion | Pregnancy and lactation | Interactions with food, herbs, smoking |
|
| Alprazolam | 11.2 h | Renal | Pregnancy class D
Enters breast milk | Smoking and St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Amitriptyline | 9–27 h | Renal | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | Grapefruit juice may inhibit metabolism; St. John’s wort may decrease levels |
| Chloral hydrate | 8–11 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | |
| Clonazepam | 19–50 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class D
Enters breast milk | St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Diazepam | 20–50 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class D
Enters breast milk | Food and grapefruit juice may increase levels; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Dihenphydramine | 2–10 h | Renal | Pregnancy class B
Enters breast milk | |
| Doxepin | 15 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | High-fat meal increases bioavailability but delays peak level timing |
| Estazolam | 10–24 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class X breast milk: unknown | Grapefruit juice may increase serum levels |
| Eszopiclone | 6 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C breast milk: unknown | Large meals may delay absorption |
| Flurazepam | 2.3 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy unclassified breast milk: unknown | Grapefruit juice may increase serum levels |
| Lorazepam | 12.9 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class D
Enters breast milk | |
| Mirtazepine | 20–40 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Nefazodone | 2–4 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | Food decreases availability |
| Nortriptyline | 28–31 h | Renal | Pregnancy unclassified
Enters breast milk | |
| Oxazepam | 3–6 h | Renal | Pregnancy unclassified breast milk: unknown | |
| Quetiapine | 6-7 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | Food increases absorption rate; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Ramelteon | 1–2.6 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C breast milk: unknown | |
| Temazepam | 9–12 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class X
Enters breast milk | Grapefruit juice may increase levels; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Trazodone | 7–10 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | Food increases absorption rate |
| Triazolam | 1.5–6 h | Renal | Pregnancy class X breast milk: unknown | Grapefruit juice may increase levels; St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Zaleplon | 1 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | St. John’s Wort may decrease levels |
| Zolpidem | 2.5–3 h | Hepatic | Pregnancy class C
Enters breast milk | Food and St. John’s Wort decrease availability; grapefruit juice may decrease metabolism |
|