Research Article
Suitable Glazing Selection for Glass-Curtain Walls in Tropical Climates of India
Table 2
Effect of glazed area on annual heating/cooling load (kWh/m2yr) of a building. (a) Delhi. (b) Jodhpur. (c) Chennai.
(a) |
| Glazed area (%) | Clear-clear | Low-e1-clear | Low-e2-clear | Sol.control-abs | Sol.control-ref | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load |
| North | 20 | 2.3 | 95.7 | 98.0 | 1.9 | 94.7 | 96.6 | 2.1 | 91.3 | 93.4 | 3.0 | 86.0 | 89.0 | 2.8 | 81.9 | 84.7 | 35 | 2.2 | 108.2 | 110.4 | 1.6 | 107.2 | 108.8 | 1.9 | 100.3 | 102.2 | 3.3 | 90.5 | 93.8 | 3.2 | 84.8 | 88.0 | 50 | 2.4 | 119.6 | 122.0 | 1.5 | 117.1 | 118.6 | 1.8 | 109.1 | 110.9 | 3.9 | 94.9 | 98.8 | 3.6 | 86.4 | 90.0 | 65 | 2.4 | 132.2 | 134.6 | 1.3 | 130.1 | 131.4 | 1.7 | 118.4 | 120.1 | 4.3 | 101.2 | 105.5 | 3.9 | 89.5 | 93.4 | 80 | 2.6 | 143.3 | 145.9 | 1.3 | 140.6 | 141.9 | 1.7 | 125.6 | 127.3 | 5.0 | 105.2 | 110.2 | 4.3 | 90.7 | 95.0 | 90 | 2.7 | 150.8 | 153.5 | 1.2 | 148.0 | 149.2 | 1.7 | 131.3 | 133.0 | 5.2 | 108.7 | 113.9 | 4.5 | 92.6 | 97.1 |
| South | 20 | 0.3 | 106.2 | 106.5 | 0.3 | 104.0 | 104.3 | 0.5 | 97.2 | 97.7 | 1.7 | 88.6 | 90.3 | 2.3 | 82.9 | 85.2 | 35 | 0.1 | 129.3 | 129.4 | 0.1 | 126.8 | 126.9 | 0.1 | 114.0 | 114.1 | 1.3 | 95.7 | 97.0 | 2.2 | 86.1 | 88.3 | 50 | 0.0 | 153.3 | 153.3 | 0.0 | 150.6 | 150.6 | 0.1 | 130.6 | 130.7 | 1.1 | 102.7 | 103.8 | 2.1 | 88.4 | 90.5 | 65 | 0.0 | 180.0 | 180.0 | 0.0 | 176.3 | 176.3 | 0.0 | 150.3 | 150.3 | 1.0 | 111.0 | 112.0 | 2.0 | 92.4 | 94.4 | 80 | 0.0 | 203.0 | 203.0 | 0.0 | 200.5 | 200.5 | 0.0 | 167.6 | 167.6 | 1.0 | 118.9 | 119.9 | 2.0 | 95.2 | 97.2 | 90 | 0.0 | 218.9 | 218.9 | 0.0 | 217.1 | 217.1 | 0.0 | 180.2 | 180.2 | 1.0 | 124.8 | 125.8 | 2.0 | 98.0 | 100.0 |
| East | 20 | 1.3 | 98.5 | 99.8 | 1.2 | 96.7 | 97.9 | 1.5 | 92.4 | 93.9 | 2.4 | 85.6 | 88.0 | 2.6 | 81.8 | 84.4 | 35 | 0.8 | 112.9 | 113.7 | 0.7 | 110.8 | 111.5 | 1.0 | 103.0 | 104.0 | 2.3 | 90.9 | 93.2 | 2.7 | 84.1 | 86.8 | 50 | 0.6 | 128.1 | 128.7 | 0.4 | 125.0 | 125.4 | 0.7 | 113.2 | 113.9 | 2.3 | 95.8 | 98.1 | 2.8 | 85.7 | 88.5 | 65 | 0.5 | 142.1 | 142.6 | 0.3 | 138.9 | 139.2 | 0.5 | 124.1 | 124.6 | 2.2 | 101.2 | 103.4 | 2.9 | 88.0 | 90.9 | 80 | 0.4 | 157.1 | 157.5 | 0.2 | 154.2 | 154.4 | 0.4 | 135.7 | 136.1 | 2.2 | 106.9 | 109.1 | 2.8 | 91.0 | 93.8 | 90 | 0.4 | 167.4 | 167.8 | 0.2 | 163.0 | 163.2 | 0.3 | 142.1 | 142.4 | 2.3 | 109.9 | 112.2 | 3.0 | 91.9 | 94.9 |
| West | 20 | 1.6 | 97.2 | 98.8 | 1.5 | 95.9 | 97.4 | 1.7 | 91.9 | 93.6 | 2.6 | 85.2 | 87.8 | 2.7 | 81.7 | 84.4 | 35 | 1.2 | 110.9 | 112.1 | 1.0 | 109.4 | 110.4 | 1.3 | 101.5 | 102.8 | 2.6 | 90.5 | 93.1 | 2.9 | 84.1 | 87.0 | 50 | 0.9 | 124.9 | 125.8 | 0.7 | 123.0 | 123.7 | 1.0 | 112.2 | 113.2 | 2.7 | 95.0 | 97.7 | 3.0 | 86.0 | 89.0 | 65 | 0.8 | 138.9 | 139.7 | 0.5 | 136.1 | 136.6 | 0.8 | 122.2 | 123.0 | 2.8 | 101.0 | 103.8 | 3.1 | 88.5 | 91.6 | 80 | 0.7 | 153.8 | 154.5 | 0.4 | 151.4 | 151.8 | 0.6 | 133.3 | 133.9 | 2.8 | 106.7 | 109.5 | 3.2 | 90.8 | 94.0 | 90 | 0.6 | 163.1 | 163.7 | 0.3 | 160.2 | 160.5 | 0.6 | 139.6 | 140.2 | 2.9 | 109.9 | 112.8 | 3.3 | 91.8 | 95.1 |
|
|
(b) |
| Glazed area (%) | Clear-clear | Low-e1-clear | Low-e2-clear | Sol.control-abs | Sol.control-ref | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load |
| North | 20 | 0.3 | 105.2 | 105.5 | 0.2 | 104.5 | 104.7 | 0.3 | 100.3 | 100.6 | 0.5 | 95.1 | 95.6 | 0.5 | 90.7 | 91.2 | 35 | 0.3 | 118.2 | 118.5 | 0.2 | 117.6 | 117.8 | 0.2 | 110.1 | 110.3 | 0.7 | 99.5 | 100.2 | 0.6 | 92.8 | 93.4 | 50 | 0.4 | 131.3 | 131.7 | 0.2 | 128.7 | 128.9 | 0.2 | 118.8 | 119.0 | 0.9 | 104.6 | 105.5 | 0.8 | 94.8 | 95.6 | 65 | 0.4 | 143.8 | 144.2 | 0.1 | 142.3 | 142.4 | 0.2 | 129.1 | 129.3 | 1.0 | 110.4 | 111.4 | 0.8 | 97.8 | 98.6 | 80 | 0.4 | 156.7 | 157.1 | 0.1 | 153.2 | 153.3 | 0.2 | 137.8 | 138.0 | 1.3 | 115.5 | 116.8 | 1.0 | 99.9 | 100.9 | 90 | 0.5 | 164.1 | 164.6 | 0.1 | 162.1 | 162.2 | 0.2 | 143.6 | 143.8 | 1.4 | 119.0 | 120.4 | 1.1 | 101.5 | 102.6 |
| South | 20 | 0.0 | 118.9 | 118.9 | 0.0 | 116.8 | 116.8 | 0.0 | 109.0 | 109.1 | 0.2 | 97.9 | 98.1 | 0.3 | 91.8 | 92.1 | 35 | 0.0 | 146.3 | 146.3 | 0.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 0.0 | 128.3 | 128.3 | 0.1 | 106.5 | 106.6 | 0.3 | 95.1 | 95.4 | 50 | 0.0 | 173.3 | 173.3 | 0.0 | 168.9 | 168.9 | 0.0 | 147.6 | 147.6 | 0.1 | 114.3 | 114.4 | 0.3 | 98.1 | 98.4 | 65 | 0.0 | 200.1 | 200.1 | 0.0 | 196.6 | 196.6 | 0.0 | 168.0 | 168.0 | 0.0 | 124.9 | 124.9 | 0.2 | 102.7 | 102.9 | 80 | 0.0 | 225.0 | 225.0 | 0.0 | 222.1 | 222.1 | 0.0 | 187.5 | 187.5 | 0.0 | 134.0 | 134.0 | 0.2 | 105.4 | 105.6 | 90 | 0.0 | 242.7 | 242.7 | 0.0 | 239.8 | 239.8 | 0.0 | 200.8 | 200.8 | 0.0 | 140.6 | 140.6 | 0.2 | 108.6 | 108.8 |
| East | 20 | 0.1 | 108.8 | 108.9 | 0.1 | 106.7 | 106.8 | 0.1 | 102.2 | 102.3 | 0.3 | 94.7 | 95.0 | 0.4 | 90.1 | 90.5 | 35 | 0.0 | 124.9 | 124.9 | 0.0 | 122.4 | 122.4 | 0.0 | 113.7 | 113.8 | 0.3 | 100.2 | 100.5 | 0.4 | 92.5 | 92.9 | 50 | 0.0 | 141.2 | 141.2 | 0.0 | 138.1 | 138.1 | 0.0 | 125.5 | 125.6 | 0.2 | 105.4 | 105.6 | 0.4 | 94.8 | 95.2 | 65 | 0.0 | 158.1 | 158.1 | 0.0 | 154.1 | 154.1 | 0.0 | 138.0 | 138.0 | 0.2 | 111.4 | 111.6 | 0.4 | 97.1 | 97.5 | 80 | 0.0 | 175.9 | 175.9 | 0.0 | 172.2 | 172.2 | 0.0 | 151.2 | 151.2 | 0.2 | 118.1 | 118.3 | 0.4 | 100.2 | 100.6 | 90 | 0.0 | 185.3 | 185.3 | 0.0 | 181.9 | 181.9 | 0.0 | 158.4 | 158.4 | 0.2 | 121.2 | 121.4 | 0.4 | 101.3 | 101.7 |
| West | 20 | 0.2 | 108.2 | 108.4 | 0.2 | 106.6 | 106.8 | 0.2 | 102.2 | 102.4 | 0.4 | 95.5 | 95.9 | 0.5 | 90.4 | 90.9 | 35 | 0.1 | 125.1 | 125.2 | 0.1 | 122.3 | 122.4 | 0.2 | 113.9 | 114.1 | 0.4 | 100.1 | 100.5 | 0.5 | 92.9 | 93.4 | 50 | 0.1 | 141.0 | 141.1 | 0.1 | 137.8 | 137.9 | 0.1 | 126.2 | 126.3 | 0.5 | 105.3 | 105.8 | 0.6 | 95.9 | 96.5 | 65 | 0.1 | 158.9 | 159.0 | 0.1 | 155.0 | 155.1 | 0.1 | 138.0 | 138.1 | 0.5 | 111.7 | 112.2 | 0.6 | 98.3 | 98.9 | 80 | 0.1 | 176.1 | 176.2 | 0.0 | 171.6 | 171.6 | 0.1 | 150.9 | 151.0 | 0.5 | 118.8 | 119.3 | 0.6 | 101.4 | 102.0 | 90 | 0.1 | 186.4 | 186.5 | 0.0 | 181.7 | 181.7 | 0.1 | 160.3 | 160.4 | 0.5 | 122.5 | 123.0 | 0.7 | 102.2 | 102.9 |
|
|
(c) |
| Glazed area (%) | Clear-clear | Low-e1-clear | Low-e2-clear | Sol.control-abs | Sol.control-ref | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load | Heating load | Cooling load | Total load |
| North | 20 | 0.0 | 124.7 | 124.7 | 0.0 | 123.3 | 123.3 | 0.0 | 118.4 | 118.4 | 0.0 | 111.2 | 111.2 | 0.0 | 106.4 | 106.4 | 35 | 0.0 | 140.8 | 140.8 | 0.0 | 138.1 | 138.1 | 0.0 | 129.8 | 129.8 | 0.0 | 117.5 | 117.5 | 0.0 | 109.2 | 109.2 | 50 | 0.0 | 155.6 | 155.6 | 0.0 | 152.1 | 152.1 | 0.0 | 140.4 | 140.4 | 0.0 | 122.8 | 122.8 | 0.0 | 111.0 | 111.0 | 65 | 0.0 | 172.0 | 172.0 | 0.0 | 168.2 | 168.2 | 0.0 | 152.8 | 152.8 | 0.0 | 130.2 | 130.2 | 0.0 | 115.1 | 115.1 | 80 | 0.0 | 185.1 | 185.1 | 0.0 | 181.3 | 181.3 | 0.0 | 162.7 | 162.7 | 0.0 | 135.8 | 135.8 | 0.0 | 117.0 | 117.0 | 90 | 0.0 | 195.0 | 195.0 | 0.0 | 191.1 | 191.1 | 0.0 | 170.1 | 170.1 | 0.0 | 140.2 | 140.2 | 0.0 | 119.4 | 119.4 |
| South | 20 | 0.0 | 132.5 | 132.5 | 0.0 | 130.3 | 130.3 | 0.0 | 123.9 | 123.9 | 0.0 | 114.1 | 114.1 | 0.0 | 107.3 | 107.3 | 35 | 0.0 | 154.4 | 154.4 | 0.0 | 151.0 | 151.0 | 0.0 | 139.6 | 139.6 | 0.0 | 122.2 | 122.2 | 0.0 | 110.9 | 110.9 | 50 | 0.0 | 175.3 | 175.3 | 0.0 | 171.3 | 171.3 | 0.0 | 154.3 | 154.3 | 0.0 | 129.5 | 129.5 | 0.0 | 114.0 | 114.0 | 65 | 0.0 | 198.1 | 198.1 | 0.0 | 193.4 | 193.4 | 0.0 | 171.2 | 171.2 | 0.0 | 139.3 | 139.3 | 0.0 | 118.8 | 118.8 | 80 | 0.0 | 217.3 | 217.3 | 0.0 | 212.5 | 212.5 | 0.0 | 185.7 | 185.7 | 0.0 | 146.6 | 146.6 | 0.0 | 121.5 | 121.5 | 90 | 0.0 | 230.8 | 230.8 | 0.0 | 226.3 | 226.3 | 0.0 | 196.2 | 196.2 | 0.0 | 152.4 | 152.4 | 0.0 | 124.5 | 124.5 |
| East | 20 | 0.0 | 124.9 | 124.9 | 0.0 | 123.0 | 123.0 | 0.0 | 118.1 | 118.1 | 0.0 | 110.5 | 110.5 | 0.0 | 105.8 | 105.8 | 35 | 0.0 | 141.0 | 141.0 | 0.0 | 138.5 | 138.5 | 0.0 | 130.0 | 130.0 | 0.0 | 116.3 | 116.3 | 0.0 | 108.2 | 108.2 | 50 | 0.0 | 157.3 | 157.3 | 0.0 | 153.6 | 153.6 | 0.0 | 141.5 | 141.5 | 0.0 | 122.2 | 122.2 | 0.0 | 110.3 | 110.3 | 65 | 0.0 | 173.6 | 173.6 | 0.0 | 169.6 | 169.6 | 0.0 | 153.6 | 153.6 | 0.0 | 127.9 | 127.9 | 0.0 | 113.0 | 113.0 | 80 | 0.0 | 190.7 | 190.7 | 0.0 | 186.4 | 186.4 | 0.0 | 166.1 | 166.1 | 0.0 | 134.9 | 134.9 | 0.0 | 116.5 | 116.5 | 90 | 0.0 | 200.5 | 200.5 | 0.0 | 195.9 | 195.9 | 0.0 | 173.7 | 173.7 | 0.0 | 138.3 | 138.3 | 0.0 | 117.5 | 117.5 |
| West | 20 | 0.0 | 125.0 | 125.0 | 0.0 | 123.5 | 123.5 | 0.0 | 118.6 | 118.6 | 0.0 | 110.7 | 110.7 | 0.0 | 105.9 | 105.9 | 35 | 0.0 | 141.9 | 141.9 | 0.0 | 139.3 | 139.3 | 0.0 | 130.8 | 130.8 | 0.0 | 116.8 | 116.8 | 0.0 | 108.7 | 108.7 | 50 | 0.0 | 158.2 | 158.2 | 0.0 | 154.4 | 154.4 | 0.0 | 142.4 | 142.4 | 0.0 | 122.8 | 122.8 | 0.0 | 110.8 | 110.8 | 65 | 0.0 | 174.6 | 174.6 | 0.0 | 170.3 | 170.3 | 0.0 | 154.6 | 154.6 | 0.0 | 128.9 | 128.9 | 0.0 | 113.7 | 113.7 | 80 | 0.0 | 191.8 | 191.8 | 0.0 | 187.0 | 187.0 | 0.0 | 167.2 | 167.2 | 0.0 | 136.5 | 136.5 | 0.0 | 117.2 | 117.2 | 90 | 0.0 | 202.0 | 202.0 | 0.0 | 197.2 | 197.2 | 0.0 | 174.6 | 174.6 | 0.0 | 140.3 | 140.3 | 0.0 | 118.6 | 118.6 |
|
|