Research Article

A Counseling Program for Clients in Substitution Treatment: Effects and Dropout Prediction

Table 1

Sample characteristics.

Total sample at first assessmentFinal sample Dropouts
N = 215N = 101N = 53
M (SD)M (SD)M (SD)

Age at T138.09 (8.1)39.00 (8.0)36.00 (8.3)
Income (€/month) at T1503 (393)534 (457)459 (279)
Months in the program prior to first assessment17.31 (25.7)20.79 (26.15)9.57 (12.92)
Psychosocial well-being at T12.67 (0.7)2.57 (0.6)2.80 (0.78)
Leisure activities at T12.11 (0.5)2.13 (0.5)2.19 (0.6)
Counselor’s expectations at T1 (% positive)75%79%69%
Nationality (% German)79%82%70%
Female31%29%20%
HIV positive12%8%15%

Note. The final sample and the dropouts do not add up to the total sample, see text for details. Psychosocial well-being was assessed on a compound scale ranging 1–5 (lower values indicate higher levels of well-being); the amount of leisure activities engaged in was assessed on a compound scale ranging 1–5 (lower values indicate fewer leisure activities); counselor’s expectations were assessed on a binary scale (clients’ situation should improve over the course of the program versus should at least not deteriorate).