Table 3: Survival analysis. Survival function estimates by Kaplan-Meier method, value given for Logrank test, R0/R1/R2: pancreatoduodenectomy with microscopically free/microscopically positive/macroscopically positive resection margins, PVR: pancreatoduodenectomy with portal venous resection, M0: absence of distant metastasis at laparotomy, M+: presence of distant or peritoneal metastasis at laparotomy, bypass: palliative bypass procedures.

Resection group Bypass group R0 R1 R2 no PVR PVR M0 M+ 171 60 11 151 91 37 80 % of total 48% 17% 3% 42% 25% 10% 22% Median survival [months] 18 18 9 17 18 10 4 3-year survival 24% 8% 0% 22% 15% <4% 0% value versus bypass M0 <0.001 0.041 0.923 0.003 0.002 — 0.002