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| The operation should be undertaken as late as possible, when necroses have been ceased, viable and nonviable tissues are well demarcated, and infected necrotic tissues are “walled off”. | |
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| Pancreatic and/or peripancreatic necrosis complicated by documented infection (guided FNA culture or extraluminal retroperitoneal gas) | |
| Sterile necrosis | |
| (a) Progressive clinical deterioration despite maximal medical treatment | |
| (b) “Fulminant acute pancreatitis” | |
| Massive hemorrhage or hollow viscus perforation | |
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