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ISRN Thermodynamics
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 830103, 11 pages
doi:10.5402/2012/830103
Entropy Generation Analysis of Human Thermal Stress Responses
1Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
2Department of Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
3Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
Received 18 October 2012; Accepted 12 November 2012
Academic Editors: S. Hashimoto and M. Sanati
Copyright © 2012 Satish C. Boregowda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The present study involves application of an open system entropy generation formulation to analyze human thermal stress responses. The time-series human thermal stress response data are obtained by conducting a simulation using a validated finite-element human thermal model (FEHTM). These simulated human thermal response data are used as an input to the entropy generation expression to obtain human entropy generation (HEG) values. The effects of variables such as air temperature, relative humidity, physical activity, and clothing on entropy generation are examined. A design of experiment (DOE) approach is utilized to study the interaction effects of air temperature and relative humidity on entropy generation. The study establishes the importance and utility of entropy generation as a holistic measure of human thermal physiological reaction to external and internal changes. This novel study has great potential for use in military medicine, rehabilitation, sports, and related applications.