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ISRN Thermodynamics
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 878279, 4 pages
doi:10.5402/2012/878279
A Case Study of Nanofiltration Using an Irreversible Thermodynamics-Based Model
1Department of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
2Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Iran
Received 7 December 2011; Accepted 9 January 2012
Academic Editor: Z. Slanina
Copyright © 2012 G. R. Vakili-Nezhaad and Z. Akbari. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The extended Spiegler-Kedem model that can be solved by using genetic algorithm (GA) has been used for study of the rejection of charged and uncharged solutes in a nanofiltration process. In this work, the accuracy and applicability of this model were tested with the data obtained from the nanofiltration of a real solution. The permeated solution was obtained from the whey ultrafiltration system (ultrafiltered whey). The studied process separates lactose and mineral salts from ultrafiltered whey. Moreover, the ultrafiltered whey nanofiltration system has been simulated with higher precision compared to the other sources of existing data.