Table 3:
Mean values (±standard deviation) for pharyngeal constriction ratio and time to opening of the upper esophageal sphincter in healthy dogs, dogs with pharyngeal weakness, and dogs with cricopharyngeal dyssynchrony [
7
].
Value
Healthy dogs (
)
Pharyngeal weakness (
)
Cricopharyngeal dyssynchrony (
)
Pharyngeal constriction ratio
0.15 ± 0.36
0.60 ± 0.28
0.61 ± 0.22
Upper esophageal sphincter opening (seconds)
0.07 ± 0.00
0.07 ± 0.01
0.28 ± 0.04