Constraints on a Vacuum Energy from Both SNIa and CMB Temperature Observations

Figure 1

Illustration of the magnitude-redshift relation in SΛCDM model (𝑚=0) and DΛCDM with Ω_Λ2=10⁻² compared with SNIa observations (cross-shaped ones with error bars). Note that the theoretical curve for 𝑚=3 has no difference with that of 𝑚=0.