1. Introduction

Throughout this paper, , , , , , and will, respectively, denote the ring of rational integers, the field of rational numbers, the field of complex numbers, the ring -adic rational integers, the field of -adic rational numbers, and the completion of the algebraic closure of . Let be the normalized exponential valuation of such that . If , we normally assume that . We use the notationHence, for any with in the present -adic case.

Let be a fixed odd prime. For a fixed positive integer with , letwhere lies in .

In [1], we note thatis distribution on for with This distribution yields an integral as follows: which has a sense as we see readily that the limit is convergent (see [1]). Let . Then, we have the fermionic -adic integral on as follows: (cf. [1–5]). For any positive integer we set (cf. [1–3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]) and this can be extended to a distribution on . This distribution yields -adic bosonic -integral as follows (see [11, 20]):where with values in , (cf. [2, 11, 16–20]). In view of notation, can be written symbolically as If we take , then we can derive the -extension of Bernoulli numbers and polynomials from -adic -integrals on as follows: (cf. [11, 20]). Thus, we note that (cf. [11, 14, 20]). In the complex plane, the ordinary Bernoulli numbers are a sequence of signed rational numbers that can be defined by the identity

(cf. [1–33]).

These numbers arise in the series expansions of trigonometric functions, and are extremely important in number theory and analysis. From the generating function of Bernoulli numbers, we note that and for . It is well known that Riemann zeta function is defined by We also note that the Riemann zeta function is closely related to Bernoulli numbers at positive integer or negative integer in the complex plane. Riemann did develop the theory of analytic continuation needed to rigorously define for all . From this zeta function, he derived the following formula (cf. [1–33]): Thus, we note that if is an even integer and greater than 0. These are called the trivial zeros of the zeta function. In 1859, starting with Euler's factorization of the zeta functionhe derived an explicit formula for the prime numbers in terms of zeros of the zeta function. He also posed the Riemann hypothesis: if then either is a trivial zero or lies on the critical line (cf. [4, 5, 16–20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]). It is well known thatThus, (cf. [4, 5, 10, 16–20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]). From this, we can derive the following famous formula.

Lemma 1.1. For ,

It is easy to see thatHowever, it is not known the values of for . In the case of , Apery proved that is irrational number (see [34]). The constants in the Taylor series expansion (cf. [3–5, 10, 27]) are known as the first-kind Euler numbers. From the generating function of the first-kind Euler numbers, we note that The first few are and for The Euler polynomials are also defined byFor , the Euler zeta function and Hurwitz's type Euler zeta function are defined by (cf. [2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 27]). Thus, we note that Euler zeta functions are entire functions in the whole complex -plane and these zeta functions have the values of the Euler numbers or Euler polynomials at negative integers. That is, (cf. [2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 27]).

In this paper, we give some interesting identities between Euler numbers and zeta functions. Finally, we will give the values of the Euler zeta function at positive even integers.

2. Preliminaries/Euler Numbers Associated with -adic Fermionic Integrals

Let be the translation defined by . Then we haveIf we take , then we can derive the first-kind Euler polynomials from the integral equation of as follows:That is,For , we have the following integral equation:From this we note that

Let (or ). By using the fermionic -adic -integral on , we see that see [12],Thus, we obtain see [12]. From this we note thatBy the same motivation, we can also observe that see [12]. These formulae are also treated in Section 3.

Let . Then we can derive the generating function of the second-kind Euler numbers from fermionic -adic integral equation as follows:Thus, we havewhere we have used the symbolic notation for . The first few are , for . In particular,Recently, Simsek, Ozden, Cangül, Cenkci, Kurt, and others have studied the various extensions of the first kind Euler numbers by using fernionic -adic invariant -integral on , see [2–5, 16, 20, 27]. It seems to be also interesting to study the -extensions of the second-kind Euler numbers due to Simsek et al. (see [4, 5, 16]).

3. Some Relationships between Euler Numbers and Zeta Functions

In this section, we also consider Bernoulli and the second Euler numbers in the complex plane. The second-kind Euler numbers are defined by the following expansion: (cf. [10]). From (1.18) and (3.1), we can derive the following equation: By (3.2) and (1.18), we easily see that and for As Euler formula, it is well known that From (3.3), we note that Thus, we haveFrom (3.4), we derive The Fourier series of an odd function on the interval is the sine series:whereLet us consider on . From (3.6) and (3.7), we note thatwhereIn (3.8), if we take , then we haveFrom (3.10), we note thatIn (3.5), it is easy to see thatBy (3.11) and (3.12), we obtain the following.

Theorem 3.1. For ,

It is easy to see thatBy (3.13) and (3.14), we obtain the following.

Corollary 3.2. For ,

By simple calculation, we easily see thatThus, we haveFrom (3.17), we can easily deriveBy (3.3), we also see thatThus, we haveBy (3.18) and (3.20), we obtain the following.