Multiobjective Differential Evolution Algorithm with Multiple Trial Vectors

Table 1

Testing result’s statistics of the problem ZDT1.

Algorithm	Convergence metric	Diversity metric
NSGA-II (real-coded)	0.033482±0.004750	0.390307±0.001876
NSGA-II (binary-coded)	0.000894±0.000000	0.463292±0.041622
SPEA	0.001799±0.000001	0.784525±0.004440
PAES	0.082085±0.008679	1.229794±0.000742
PDEA	N/A	0.298567±0.000742
MODE	0.005800±0.000000	N/A
MTVDE	0.001200±0.000002	0.505800±0.003200