Table 2:
Testing result’s statistics of the problem ZDT2.
Algorithm
Convergence metric
Diversity metric
NSGA-II (real-coded)
0
.
0
7
2
3
9
1
±
0
.
0
3
1
6
8
9
0
.
4
3
0
7
7
6
±
0
.
0
0
4
7
2
1
NSGA-II (binary-coded)
0
.
0
0
0
8
2
4
±
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
4
3
5
1
1
2
±
0
.
0
2
4
6
0
7
SPEA
0
.
0
0
1
3
3
9
±
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
7
5
5
1
8
4
±
0
.
0
0
4
5
2
1
PAES
0
.
1
2
6
2
7
6
±
0
.
0
3
6
8
7
7
1
.
1
6
5
9
4
2
±
0
.
0
0
7
6
8
2
PDEA
N/A
0
.
3
1
7
9
5
8
±
0
.
0
0
1
3
8
9
MODE
0
.
0
0
5
5
0
0
±
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
N/A
MTVDE
0
.
0
0
4
7
0
0
±
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
.
6
4
5
9
0
0
±
0
.
0
0
2
6
0
0