Multiobjective Differential Evolution Algorithm with Multiple Trial Vectors

Table 3

Testing result’s statistics of the problem ZDT3.

Algorithm	Convergence metric	Diversity metric
NSGA-II (real-coded)	0.114500±0.004940	0.738540±0.019706
NSGA-II (binary-coded)	0.043411±0.000042	0.575606±0.005078
SPEA	0.047517±0.000047	0.672938±0.003587
PAES	0.023872±0.000010	0.789920±0.001653
PDEA	N/A	0.623812±0.000225
MODE	0.021560±0.000000	N/A
MTVDE	0.006000±0.000002	0.604400±0.000326