Table 4:
Testing result’s statistics of the problem ZDT4.
Algorithm
Convergence metric
Diversity metric
NSGA-II (real-coded)
0
.
5
1
3
0
5
3
±
0
.
1
1
8
4
6
0
0
.
7
0
2
6
1
2
±
0
.
0
6
4
6
4
8
NSGA-II (binary-coded)
3
.
2
2
7
6
3
6
±
7
.
3
0
7
6
3
0
0
.
4
7
9
4
7
5
±
0
.
0
0
9
8
4
1
SPEA
7
.
3
4
0
2
9
9
±
6
.
5
7
2
5
1
6
0
.
7
9
8
4
6
3
±
0
.
0
1
4
6
1
6
PAES
0
.
8
5
4
8
1
6
±
0
.
5
2
7
2
3
8
0
.
8
7
0
4
5
8
±
0
.
1
0
1
3
9
9
PDEA
N/A
0
.
8
4
0
8
5
2
±
0
.
0
3
5
7
4
1
MODE
0
.
6
3
8
9
5
0
±
0
.
5
0
0
2
0
0
N/A
MTVDE
0
.
0
0
5
2
0
0
±
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
.
7
4
4
5
0
0
±
0
.
0
0
3
5
0
0