Cross-Diffusion-Driven Instability in a Reaction-Diffusion Harrison Predator-Prey Model

Figure 1

Five typical Turing’s patterns of 𝑢 in model (3) with fixed parameters 𝑏=9, 𝑐=0.5, 𝑑=0.45, 𝑑₁₁=0.01, 𝑑₂₂=1, 𝑑₁₂=−0.025, and 𝑑₂₁=0.01. (a) Spots pattern, 𝑚=0.05; (b) spot-stripe mixtures pattern, 𝑚=0.125; (c) stripes pattern, 𝑚=0.25; (d) hole-stripe mixtures, 𝑚=0.45; (e) holes pattern, 𝑚=0.5. Iterations: pattern (a): 5×10⁵, pattern (c): 1×10⁵, and others: 3×10⁵.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)