Dynamical Analysis of a Stochastic Predator-Prey Model with an Allee Effect

Figure 1

(left) Time-series plots; (right) phase portraits for model (1) without noise (i.e., 𝛼=𝛽=0) and with 𝑟=1.5, 𝑠=0.6, 𝑎=0.5, 𝑏=0.6, 𝑐=0.1, 𝑑=0.12, and 𝑤=0.25 and initial condition (𝑁₀,𝑃₀)=(0.2,1.4). (a) 𝑚=0.15 and (b) 𝑚=0.45.

(a)

(b)