Optimal Control Policies of Pests for Hybrid Dynamical Systems

Figure 4

The effects of number of pesticide applications and the residual ratio of natural enemy on the threshold level 𝜆₂. The parameter values are as follows:  𝛿₁=0.85,  𝛿₂=0.85,  𝑇=10.7,  𝜃=6.3,  𝑑=0.25,  𝑟=1.2,  𝑐=0.3,  𝑎₁=0.75,  𝑎₂=0.8, and  𝛼₂=0.7.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)