0-1 Test for Chaos in a Fractional Order Financial System with Investment Incentive

Figure 4

Phase portraits of system (3) for 𝑞₁=0.96, 𝑞₂=0.94, 𝑞₃=0.92, 𝑞₄=0.78, 𝑎=3, 𝑏=0.4, 𝑐=0.4, and 𝑑=2.8.

(a) 𝑥-𝑦-𝑧 space 

(b) 𝑥-𝑦-𝑢 space