Spatiotemporal Patterns in a Ratio-Dependent Food Chain Model with Reaction-Diffusion

Figure 2

Holes pattern of the prey 𝑢 obtained with model (3) with 𝑐₁=1.84 and 𝑞₁=0.6. Iterations: (a) 0, (b) 20000, (c) 60000, and (d) 200000.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)