Dynamics and Biocontrol: The Indirect Effects of a Predator Population on a Host-Vector Disease Model

Figure 3

Numerical simulation for Case 1, with 𝑎=0.01, ℎ=0.2, and other parameters fixed in Table 1. The vector-borne disease will persist though in presence of vector predators.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)