Artificial-Intelligence-Based Techniques to Evaluate Switching Overvoltages during Power System Restoration

Table 1

Effect of switching time and remanent flux on the maximum of overvoltages and duration of 𝑉_peak > 1.3 p.u.

Switching; angle (deg.)	Remanent; flux (p.u.)	𝑉peak; (p.u.)	Duration of; (𝑉peak > 1.3 p.u.) (s)
Transformer study
39	0.65	2.1961	0.7544
80	0.62	1.8095	0.4627
87	0.09	1.8831	0.8469
60	0.42	2.0482	0.5134
15	0.3	1.5319	0.2753
Shunt reactor study
20	0.27	1.9205	0.5628
20	0.65	1.5841	0.3394
75	0.27	1.6537	0.3064
60	0.5	1.5293	0.2675