Since its conception in the mid 1950s, artificial intelligence with its great ambition to understand intelligence, its origin and creation, in natural and artificial environments alike, has been a truly multidisciplinary field that reaches out and is inspired by a great diversity of other fields in perpetual motion. Rapid advances in research and technology in various fields have created environments into which artificial intelligence could embed itself naturally and comfortably. Neuroscience with its desire to understand nervous systems of biological organisms and system biology with its longing to comprehend, holistically, the multitude of complex interactions in biological systems are two such fields. They target ideals artificial intelligence has dreamt about for a long time including the computer simulation of an entire biological brain or the creation of new life forms from manipulations on cellular and genetic information in the laboratory.

The scope for artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and systems biology is extremely wide. The motivation of this special issue is to create a bird-eye view on areas and challenges where these fields overlap in their defining ambitions and where these fields may benefit from a synergetic mutual exchange of ideas. The rationale behind this special issue is that a multidisciplinary approach in modern artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and systems biology is essential and that progress in these fields requires a multitude of views and contributions from a wide spectrum of contributors. This special issue, therefore, aims to create a centre of gravity pulling together researchers and industry practitioners from a variety of areas and backgrounds to share results of current research and development and to discuss existing and emerging theoretical and applied problems in artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and systems biology transporting them beyond the event horizon of their individual domains.

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