Fluid Dynamics of Biomimetic Pectoral Fin Propulsion Using Immersed Boundary Method

Figure 3

Motion of the pectoral fin during the fin stroke cycle from side (left) view, back (middle) view, and three-dimensional (right) view with ideal black bass body in fixed position. In side views, contours depict distance from the body, and in back views, contours reflect distance along the body. The fish body in the three-dimensional view is only shown for context and not included in simulations.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)