Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

Research Article

Macrodamage Accumulation Model for a Human Femur

Table 1

The orthotropic relationships between elastic constants and density.


	Modulus of elasticity	Poisson ratio	Shear modulus

Cortical bone		ν₁₂ = 0.4
		ν₂₃ = 0.25
		ν₃₁ = 0.25
Trabecular bone		ν₁₂ = 0.4
		ν₂₃ = 0.25
		ν₃₁ = 0.25

represents the maximum density, G_{12 max} = 5.71 MPa, G_{23 max} = 7.11 MPa, and G_{31 max} = 6.58 MPa. The superscript numbers denote the following: 1 for the radial direction, 2 for the circumferential direction, and 3 for the longitudinal direction [14–16].