Effects of Dental Occlusion on Body Sway, Upper Body Muscle Activity and Shooting Performance in Pistol Shooters

Table 1

Results of the COP parameters and EMG muscle activity on the three experimental conditions. AP—anterior posterior; ML—medium lateral; OS—occlusal splint; N—normal condition; PS—placebo splint.

Variables (unit)

500 ms

200 ms

100 ms

300 ms

OS

N

PS

value

OS

N

PS

value

OS

N

PS

value

OS

N

PS

value

COP parameters

Total distance (cm)

55.3 ± 24.4

53.5 ± 21.2

55.6 ± 22.2

0.583

35.5 ± 15.9

34.2 ± 13.5

35.6 ± 14.2

0.682

26.5 ± 10.7

26.0 ± 9.9

27.5 ± 10.3

0.583

44.5 ± 18.8

43.2 ± 16.6

45.3 ± 17.3

0.633

AP distance (cm)

33.1 ± 15.8

32.7 ± 15.1

31.9 ± 13.2

0.695

21.3 ± 10.7

21.0 ± 9.9

20.4 ± 8.9

0.754

25.8 ± 7.4

15.9 ± 7.1

16.1 ± 6.4

0.968

26.7 ± 12.8

26.5 ± 12.1

26.3 ± 10.7

0.976

ML distance (cm)

40.6 ± 23.4

38.3 ± 21.4

41.2 ± 25.1

0.394

26 ± 14.9

24.3 ± 13.5

26.9 ± 15.9

0.464

19.6 ± 10.2

18.6 ± 10

20.1 ± 11.7

0.531

32.8 ± 17.8

30.9 ± 16.7

33.2 ± 18.6

0.492

AP amplitude oscillation (cm)

0.7 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.2

0.538

0.5 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.1

0.687

0.4 ± 0.4

0.5 ± 0.4

0.6 ± 0.5

0.068

0.7 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.5

0.199

ML amplitude oscillation (cm)

0.5 ± 0.4

0.5 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.2

0.710

0.4 ± 0.3

0.3 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.2

0.926

0.5 ± 0.5

0.6 ± 0.6

0.6 ± 0.6

0.368

0.7 ± 0.6

0.8 ± 0.6

0.7 ± 0.6

0.584

Oscillation area (cm^2)

0.3 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.9

0.4 ± 0.5

0.472

0.1 ± 0.8

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.6

0.338

0.2 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.9

0.3 ± 0.7

0.472

0.2 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.4

0.3 ± 0.7

0.435

Total oscillation velocity (cm/s)

0.05 ± 0.02

0.05 ± 0.02

0.06 ± 0.02

0.583

0.04 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

0.682

0.03 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

0.583

0.04 ± 0.02

0.04 ± 0.02

0.01 ± 0.02

0.589

AP oscillation velocity (cm/s)

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.01

0.740

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.001

0.02 ± 0.001

0.754

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.968

0.03 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

0.959

ML oscillation velocity

0.04 ± 0.02

0.04 ± 0.02

0.04 ± 0.02

0.413

0.03 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

0.464

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.531

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.02

0.470

EMG (%)

Medial deltoid

53.0 ± 10.2

53.9 ± 7.5

51 ± 9.8

0.376

50.6 ± 12.2

50.5 ± 10.8

50.9 ± 10.7

0.412

49.7 ± 12.7

48.9 ± 10.8

50.1 ± 11.1

0.663

50.3 ± 11.9

49.5 ± 10.2

50.7 ± 10.2

0.630

Upper trapezius

38.9 ± 16.4

41.8 ± 14.5

39.5 ± 15.6

0.058

38.4 ± 16.4

41.7 ± 14.9

39.1 ± 15.6

0.060

38.6 ± 16.4

41.6 ± 15.2

36.6 ± 16

0.185

38.1 ± 15.9

41.2 ± 14.5

38.6 ± 15.3

0.054

Biceps brachii

31.6 ± 12.4

34.3 ± 11.3

32.9 ± 12.2

0.088

31.7 ± 12.8

34.3 ± 11.7

33.4 ± 12.9

0.197

32.6 ± 12.8

35.3 ± 11.9

34.1 ± 12.8

0.188

37.9 ± 12.6

34.4 ± 11.6

33.5 ± 12.7

0.129

Flexor digitorum

30.2 ± 22.7

28.7 ± 22.7

31.3 ± 22.6

0.666

30.3 ± 22.7

28.6 ± 22.6

31.4 ± 22.6

0.158

31.9 ± 21.6

30.8 ± 21.8

33.4 ± 21.2

0.071

30.4 ± 22.7

28.9 ± 22.6

31.5 ± 22.6

0.657

Extensor digitorum

28.3 ± 12.8

29.0 ± 12.9

28.3 ± 12.6

0.980

28.5 ± 12.3

29.2 ± 13.2

28.46 ± 12.9

0.657

29.9 ± 14.2

28.3 ± 12.8

28.2 ± 12.9

0.08

28.7 ± 13.1

29.1 ± 12.8

27.6 ± 12.6

0.911