Development of a Mechanistic Hypothesis Linking Compensatory Biomechanics and Stepping Asymmetry during Gait of Transfemoral Amputees
Table 4
Internal joint work for controls and two transfemoral amputees during the 0-100% gait cycle of slow, normal, and fast speed walking, with results from the single sample -test between amputee and sample of control subjects. Wp = positive work (J/kg); Wn = negative work (J/kg); Wt = total work (J/kg), where .
Work (J/kg)
Control subjects
Amputee: C-Leg/Mauch
Mean/(SD)
Intact side
Prosthesis side
Slow
Norm
Fast
Slow
Norm
Fast
Slow
Norm
Fast
Ankle
Wp
0.212 (0.061)
0.276 (0.083)
0.352 (0.119)
0.193
0.315
0.418
0.035†
0.068†
0.083†
0.211
0.256
0.286
0.080†
0.095†
0.194†
Wn
0.179 (0.029)
0.154 (0.033)
0.119 (0.071)
0.177
0.154
0.135
0.135†
0.146
0.164
0.186
0.171
0.199‡
0.192
0.205‡
0.225‡
Wt
0.391 (0.047)
0.430 (0.075)
0.471 (0.130)
0.371
0.469
0.554
0.170†
0.214†
0.247†
0.397
0.428
0.485
0.272†
0.299†
0.420
Knee
Wp
0.049 (0.037)
0.089 (0.047)
0.158 (0.076)
0.088‡
0.182‡
0.191
0.020
0.016†
0.015†
0.121‡
0.200‡
0.363‡
0.012†
0.013†
0.015†
Wn
0.139 (0.056)
0.249 (0.079)
0.442 (0.081)
0.327‡
0.587‡
0.714‡
0.093
0.180†
0.192†
0.360‡
0.371‡
0.469
0.115
0.132†
0.203†
Wt
0.188 (0.087)
0.338 (0.118)
0.600 (0.140)
0.415‡
0.769‡
0.905‡
0.114†
0.196†
0.208†
0.481‡
0.572‡
0.832‡
0.127
0.145†
0.219†
Hip
Wp
0.103 (0.051)
0.144 (0.067)
0.278 (0.095)
0.201‡
0.340‡
0.466‡
0.106
0.215‡
0.245
0.336‡
0.345‡
0.445‡
0.196‡
0.230‡
0.392‡
Wn
0.083 (0.032)
0.120 (0.054)
0.185 (0.064)
0.078
0.145
0.235
0.162‡
0.281‡
0.307‡
0.048†
0.143
0.300‡
0.218‡
0.343‡
0.497‡
Wt
0.186 (0.052)
0.264 (0.065)
0.463 (0.076)
0.279‡
0.486‡
0.700‡
0.268‡
0.496‡
0.552‡
0.384‡
0.487‡
0.744‡
0.414‡
0.573‡
0.889‡
†Significantly lower at ;‡significantly higher at .