A Biomechanical Analysis of Lower Limb Movement on the Backcourt Forehand Clear Stroke among Badminton Players of Different Levels

Table 1

The contact area, pressure-time integral, and force-time integral for AP and PP.

Plantar regions	PP	AP	value	(95% CI)
Contact area (cm^2)
BT	9.20 (±0)	9.24 (±0)	1.0	NaN (0 to 0)
OT	16.93 (±0)	16.93 (±0)	1.0	NaN (0 to 0)
FM	15.64 (±0.471)^a	13.61 (±1.53)	0.001	1.74 (−3.10 to −0.96)
SATM	19.32 (±0.99)	21.10 (±1.49)^b	0.006	1.40 (0.58 to 2.96)
FAFM	15.52 (±0.63)	16.13 (±1.01)	0.126	0.73 (−1.41 to 0.19)
Pressure-time integral (kPa^·s)
BT	86.17 (±7.29)	83.09 (±6.43)	0.330	0.77 (−19.52 to 1.09)
OT	42.56 (±2.28)	44.32 (±6.30)	0.416	0.37 (−6.22 to 2.69)
FM	115.85 (±8.23)^a	89.93 (±7.98)	0.000	3.20 (18.3 to 33.53)
SATM	48.32 (±4.88)	49.46 (±4.69)	0.604	0.24 (−5.63 to 3.37)
FAFM	12.44 (±0.98)	56.28 (±3.64)^b	0.000	10.75 (−46.43 to −36.70)
Force-time integral (N^·s)
BT	35.15 (±2.87)	78.62 (±7.16)^b	0.000	7.97 (−48.61 to 38.37).
OT	37.98 (±5.99)	40.88 (±6.58)	0.358	0.46 (−8.71 to 3.02)
FM	70.65 (±10.94)	89.22 (±6.71)^b	0.000	2.65 (−25.18 to −11.95)
SATM	55.153 (±3.89)^a	49.46 (±4.69)	0.009	1.32 (1.64 to 9.75)
FAFM	26.91 (±3.75)	56.45 (±9.22)^b	0.000	4.41 (−36.05 to −23.02)

Notes: values are expressed as mean (standard deviation). ; AP was lower compared to PP. ; PP was lower compared to AP.