Research Article
Alternate Phosphorylation/O-GlcNAc Modification on Human Insulin IRSs: A Road towards Impaired Insulin Signaling in Alzheimer and Diabetes
Table 3
Experimental and predicted O-β-GlcNAc and yin yang sites in human IRS-1.
| | Substrate |
O-β-GlcNAc status | Yin yang residues | | Residues | PS | Conservation | SA | YinOYang 1.2 |
| | Ser | 7 | NC | E | ++ | Y(FP) | | Ser | 268 | CS | B | ++ | Y | | Ser | 270 | C | E | ++ | Y | | Ser | 273 | C | B | + | Y | | Ser | 295 | C | E | + | − | | Ser | 303 | CS | E | + | Y | | Thr | 305 | C | E | + | Y | | Thr | 311 | C | E | + | − | | Ser | 312 | C | B | + | Y | | Ser | 341 | SC | E | + | Y | | Ser | 348 | C | E | + | Y | | Thr | 351 | CS | E | + | − | | Ser | 383 | C | E | − | Y(FN) | | Thr | 387 | C | E | +++ | Y(FN) | | Ser | 388 | C | E | ++ | Y | | Ser | 391 | C | E | ++++ | Y | | Ser | 393 | C | B | + | Y | | Ser | 394 | C | B | + | − | | Ser | 395 | C | E | + | Y | | Ser | 412 | C | E | +++ | Y(FN) | | Ser | 413 | C | E | ++ | Y | | Ser | 417 | C | E | ++ | Y | | Ser | 440 | C | B | ++ | − | | Thr | 539 | C | E | ++ | − | | Ser | 541 | C | E | + | − | | Ser | 543 | C | E | + | Y | | Ser | 624 | NC | E | + | − | | Ser | 639 | C | E | + | Y | | Ser | 641 | C | E | + | − | | Ser | 680 | NC | E | ++ | Y(FP) | | Ser | 681 | NC | E | +++ | Y(FP) | | Ser | 682 | NC | E | ++ | − | | Ser | 683 | NC | E | + | Y(FP) | | Ser | 684 | NC | E | + | Y(FP) | | Ser | 741 | C | E | + | Y | | Thr | 743 | C | E | ++ | − | | Thr | 803 | NC | E | ++ | − | | Ser | 807 | C | E | + | Y | | Ser | 808 | C | E | +++ | Y | | Ser | 809 | C | E | ++ | Y | | Thr | 847 | C | E | + | Y | | Thr | 851 | NC | E | + | − | | Ser | 917 | NC | E | + | − | | Ser | 985 | SC | E | + | Y | | Ser | 1000 | SC | E | + | Y | | Thr | 1004 | SC | E | + | Y | | Ser | 1005 | SC | E | + | Y | | Ser | 1011 | CS | E | ++ | Y | | Ser | 1025 | SC | E | + | − | | Thr | 1030 | SC | E | + | − | | Ser | 1035 | SC | E | + | Y | | Ser | 1036 | NC | E | +++ | Y(FP) | | Ser | 1037 | CS | E | ++++ | Y(FN) | | Thr | 1045 | NC | E | + | − | | Ser | 1101 | C | E | + | Y | | Ser | 1105 | C | E | ++ | Y | | Ser | 1213 | NC | E | + | Y(FP) | | Ser | 1223 | C | B | ++ | Y |
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PS: position; SA: surface accessibility; E: exposed; B, buried; C: conserved; NC: nonconserved; CS: conserved substitutions; SC: semiconserved; Y: predicted as yin yang sites by YinOYang 1.2; FP: false positive; FN: false negative; −: negative/not determined yet; +: positive; ++: highly positive; +++: very highly positive; ++++: very very highly positive.
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