Optical Breakdown in Liquid Suspensions and Its Analytical Applications

Figure 6

Fragments of interferograms of laser spark columns at the first time stage: < 50 ns: (a) in water, time delay = 17 ns; (b) in ethanol, = 22 ns; (c) in butanol, = 10.5 ns. The laser pulse energy was 70 mJ. The laser beam was focused from right to left. The focal spot coincides with the picture’s left margin. Reprinted from [72], with permission from Elsevier.