Laboratory Evaluation of Time-Domain Reflectometry for Bridge Scour Measurement: Comparison with the Ultrasonic Method

<table>(a) Measured <svg height="17.9375" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-5.4327pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.950001 17.9375" width="32.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,26.238,15.187)"><path d="M483 97q-42 -50 -88.5 -79.5t-68.5 -29.5q-37 0 -17 93l22 102h-2q-54 -79 -144 -149q-59 -46 -100 -46q-24 0 -43 29t-19 86q0 78 34.5 153t94.5 120q41 31 94 51.5t98 20.5q29 0 72 -9q26 -6 39 -6l2 -4q-30 -117 -67 -323q-8 -41 2 -41q16 0 79 58zM374 387
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</svg> of sediment system normalized by that of water versus the normalized sediment thickness; (b) measured <svg height="15.65" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.2875 15.65" width="27.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,21.025,15.45)"><path d="M452 333q0 -82 -46 -164t-116 -128q-81 -53 -158 -53q-26 0 -51 13t-37 32q-26 41 -6 134l91 431q7 40 2.5 47t-34.5 7h-33l2 25q36 4 72.5 13t58.5 15.5t28 6.5q10 0 4 -29l-91 -391h2q65 77 130 116.5t105 39.5q36 0 56.5 -32t20.5 -83zM365 316q0 76 -35 76
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</svg> of sediment system normalized by that of water versus the normalized sediment thickness (sediment: fine sand).</table>

Advances in Civil Engineering

fig10

Figure 10

Figure 10: Laboratory Evaluation of Time-Domain Reflectometry for Bridge Scour Measurement: Comparison with the Ultrasonic Method 