Advances in Civil Engineering
Volume 2010 (2010), Article ID 930796, 13 pages
doi:10.1155/2010/930796
Research Article
Truly Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: From the Telecommunication Optical Fiber Drawling Tower to Water Leakage Detection in Dikes and Concrete Structure Strain Monitoring
Jean-Marie Henault,
1 Gautier Moreau,
1 Sylvain Blairon,
1 Jean Salin,
1 Jean-Robert Courivaud,
2 Frédéric Taillade,
3 Erick Merliot,
3 Jean-Philippe Dubois,
4 Johan Bertrand,
4 Stéphane Buschaert,
4 Stefan Mayer,
4 and
Sylvie Delepine-Lesoille3,4
1EDF R&D, 6 quai Watier, 78401 Chatou, France
2EDF CIH, Savoie Technolac, 73370 Le Bourget du Lac, France
3LCPC, 58 bld Lefebvre, 75015 Paris, France
4Andra, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet, 92298 Chatenay-Malabry, France
Received 1 September 2009; Revised 18 January 2010; Accepted 11 February 2010
Academic Editor: Jinying Zhu
Copyright © 2010 Jean-Marie Henault et al. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- J. M. Lopez-Higuera, Handbook of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 2002.
- A. Rogers, “Distributed optical-fiber sensing,” Measurement Science Technology, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 75–99, 1999.
- S. Delépine-Lesoille, E. Merliot, and Y. Gautier, “Optical fiber strain sensors for use in civil engineering: state-of-the-art, industrial applications and outlook,” BLPC no. 272, October-November 2008.
- J. M. Ko and Y. Q. Ni, “Technology developments in structural health monitoring of large-scale bridges,” Engineering Structures, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1715–1725, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Beller, “OTDRs and backscatter measurements,” in Fiber Optic Test and Measurement, D. Derickson, Ed., chapter 11, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1998.
- D. Garus, K. Krebber, F. Schliep, and T. Gogolla, “Distributed sensing technique based on Brillouin optical-fiber frequency-domain analysis,” Optics Letters, vol. 21, no. 17, pp. 1402–1404, 1996. View at Scopus
- M. Froggatt and J. Moore, “High-spatial-resolution distributed strain measurement in optical fiber with Rayleigh scatter,” Applied Optics, vol. 37, no. 10, 1998.
- K. T. Wan and C. K. Y. Leung, “Fiber optic sensor for the monitoring of mixed mode cracks in structures,” Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 370–380, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. J. Rogers, “Polarization optical time domain reflectometry: a new technique for the measurement of field distribution,” Applied Optics, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1060–1074, 1981.
- Z. Liu and A. K. Kim, “Review of recent developments in fire detection technologies,” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 129–151, 2003. View at Scopus
- S. Großwig, A. Graupner, E. Hurtig, K. Kühn, and A. Trostel, “Distributed fiber optical temperature sensing technique—available tool for monitoring task,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science, June 2001.
- G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic, New York, NY, USA, 3rd edition, 2001.
- M. Nikles, L. Thevenaz, and P. A. Robert, “Simple distributed fiber sensor based on Brillouin gain spectrum analysis,” Optics Letters, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 758–760, 1996. View at Scopus
- D. Inaudi and B. Glisic, “Distributed fiber-optic sensing for long-range monitoring of pipelines,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, Vancouver, Canada, 2007.
- Qualification guide FD CEN/TR 14748, “Non-destructive testing—methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests,” 2005.
- O. Kappelmeyer, “The use of near surface temperature measurements for discovering anomalies due to causes at depths,” Geophysical Prospecting, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 239–258, 1957.
- J.-J. Fry, “Détection de fuite sur les digues par acquisition de profils de température le long d'une fiber optique,” in Sécurité des Digues Fluviales et de Navigation, Congrès Français des Grands Barrages, Orléans, France, November 2004.
- J.-M. Henault and S. Blairon, “Exemple d'application de capteurs à fibre optique—détection de fuites dans les digues en terre par thermométrie à fiber optique,” in Colloque Contrôle et Mesures Optiques pour L'Industrie (CMOI '06), Arcachon, France, 2006.
- ISO/IEC Guide 99, “International vocabulary of metrology—basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM),” 2007.
- S. Blairon and J.-M. Henault, “Evaluation d'interrogateurs à fibre optique pour la mesure de température,” in Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Metrology, Paris, France, 2009.
- C. Guidoux, Y.-H. Faure, O. Artières, et al., “Measurement results on full scale field experiment using optical fibre detection methods,” Wasser Wirtschaft, vol. 97, no. 10, pp. 66–68, 2007.
- P. Cunat, Y.-L. Beck, J.-J. Fry, J.-R. Courivaud, and J.-P. Fabre, “Leakage detection based on temperature measurement with fiber optic: methods and results,” in Colloque HYDRO, Lyon, France, 2009.
- A. A. Khan, V. Vrabie, J. I. Mars, A. Girard, and G. D'Urso, “A source separation technique for processing of thermometric data from fiber-optic DTS measurements for water leakage identification in dikes,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1118–1129, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. Lanticq, E. Bourgeois, P. Magnien, et al., “Soil-embedded optical fiber sensing cable interrogated by Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (B-OTDR) and optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) for embedded cavity detection and sinkhole warning system,” Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 20, no. 3, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- M. Kihara, K. Hiramatsu, M. Shima, and S. Ikeda, “Distributed optical fiber strain sensor for detecting river embankment collapse,” IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol. E85-C, no. 4, pp. 952–960, 2002. View at Scopus
- S. Delépine-Lesoille, E. Merliot, C. Boulay, L. Quétel, M. Delaveau, and A. Courteville, “Quasi-distributed optical fibre extensometers for continuous embedding into concrete: design and realization,” Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 931–938, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Delépine-Lesoille, E. Merliot, Y. Gautier, L. Quétel, M. Delaveau, and A. Courteville, “Multiplexed long-base flexible optical fiber extensometers and temperature bragg sensors interrogated by low-coherence interferometry,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1145–1151, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. Lanticq, M. Quiertant, E. Merliot, and S. Delépine-Lesoille, “Brillouin sensing cable: design and experimental validation,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1194–1201, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Zou, X. Bao, Y. Wan, and L. Chen, “Coherent probe-pump-based Brillouin sensor for centimeter-crack detection,” Optics Letters, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 370–372, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Hotate and T. Hasegawa, “Measurement of Brillouin gain spectrum distribution along an optical fiber using a correlation-based technique-proposal, experiment and simulation,” IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol. E83-C, no. 3, pp. 405–411, 2000.
- A. W. Brown, B. G. Colpitts, and K. Brown, “Dark-pulse Brillouin optical time-domain sensor with 20-mm spatial resolution,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 381–386, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Thévenaz and S. Foaleng Mafang, “Distributed fiber sensing using Brillouin echoes,” in 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, vol. 7004 of Proceedings of SPIE, Perth, Western Australia, April 2008, 70043N. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- N. Honda, M. Inoue, N. Araki, and Y. Azuma, “New optical fiber line testing system function for highly accurate facility location using Brillouin frequency shift assigned optical fiber,” in Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Optical Society of America, 2009, paper no. OWU3.
- P. C. Wait and T. P. Newson, “Landau Placzek ratio applied to distributed fibre sensing,” Optics Communications, vol. 122, no. 4–6, pp. 141–146, 1996. View at Scopus
- C. C. Lee, P. W. Chiang, and S. Chi, “Utilization of a dispersion-shifted fiber for simultaneous measurement of distributed strain and temperature through Brillouin frequency shift,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1094–1096, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Zou, X. Bao, V. Afshar, and L. Chen, “Dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift on strain and temperature in a photonic crystal fiber,” Optics Letters, vol. 29, no. 13, pp. 1485–1487, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Froggatt, D. Gifford, S. Kreger, M. Wolfe, and B. Soller, “Distributed strain and temperature discrimination in unaltered polarization maintaining fiber,” in Proceedings of the 18th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, Optical Society of America, Cancun, Mexico, 2006, paper no. ThC5.
- J.-P. Dubois, S. Delépine-Lesoille, V.-H. Tran, et al., “Raman versus Brillouin optical fiber distributed temperature sensing: an outdoor comparison,” in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring on Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII '09), Zurich, Switzerland, 2009.
- C. Lee, K. Suh, and T. Landry, “The implementation of self calibration techniques in Raman backscatter based fiber optic distributed temperature system (DTS) technology,” in Proceedings of the Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, pp. 1–6, 2008.